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| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Camila Xu | -- | 1111 | 2022-10-11 01:34:05 |
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Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
References
- Lindhe, Jan; Lang, Niklaus P.; Karring, Thorkild, eds (2008). Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry (5th ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard. pp. 413, 459. ISBN 9781405160995. https://archive.org/details/clinicalperiodon00lind.
- Scully, Crispian (2008). Oral and maxillofacial medicine : the basis of diagnosis and treatment (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 101, 347. ISBN 9780443068188.
- American Academy of Periodontology (1999). "Consensus report: Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases". Ann. Periodontol. 4 (1): 78. doi:10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.78. https://dx.doi.org/10.1902%2Fannals.1999.4.1.78
- American Academy of Periodontology (May 2000). "Parameter on acute periodontal diseases. American Academy of Periodontology". J. Periodontol. 71 (5 Suppl): 863–6. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.5-S.863. PMID 10875694. http://perio.org/resources-products/pdf/863.pdf.
- Taylor, FE; McKinstry, WH (1917). "The Relation of Peri-dental Gingivitis to Vincent's Angina.". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 10 (Laryngol Sect): 43–8. PMID 19979715. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2017821
- "Definition of Vincent angina". Medterms.com. 2001-09-13. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6261.
- NYS Department of Health AIDS Institute. "Clinical Manifestations and Management of HIV-Related Periodontal Disease". Oral Health Care for People with HIV Infection: HIV Clinical Guidelines. p. 31.
