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Wargaming
EditA wargame (also war game) is a strategy game that deals with military operations of various types, real or fictional. Wargaming is the hobby dedicated to the play of such games, which can also be called conflict simulations, or consims for short. When used professionally by the military to study warfare, "war game" may refer to a simple theoretical study or a full-scale military exercise. Hobby wargamers have traditionally used "wargame", while the military has generally used "war game"; this is not a hard rule. Although there may be disagreements as to whether a particular game qualifies as a wargame or not, a general consensus exists that all such games must explore and represent some feature or aspect of human behaviour directly bearing on the conduct of war, even if the game subject itself does not concern organized violent conflict or warfare. Business wargames exist as well, but in general, they are only role-playing games based on market situations. Wargames are generally categorized as historical, hypothetical, fantasy, or science fiction. Historical games form by far the largest group. These games are based upon real events and attempt to represent a reasonable approximation of the actual forces, terrain, and other material factors faced by the actual participants. Hypothetical games are games grounded in historical fact but concern battles or conflicts that did not (or have yet to) actually happen. Fantasy and science fiction wargames either draw their inspiration from works of fiction or provide their own imaginary setting. Highly stylized conflict games such as chess are not generally considered wargames, although they are recognized as being related. Games involving conflict in other arenas than the battlefield, such as business, sports or natural environment are similarly usually excluded. The modern wargaming hobby has its origins at the beginning of the 19th century, with von Reiswitz's Kriegsspiel rules. Later, H.G. Wells' book Little Wars ushered in the age of miniatures games in which two or more players simulated a battle as a pastime. During the 1950s the first large-scale, mass-produced board games depicting military conflicts were published. These games were at the height of their popularity during the 1970s, and became quite complex and technical in that time. Wargaming has changed dramatically over the years, from its roots in miniatures and board wargaming, to contemporary computer and computer assisted wargames; however, both miniature and board wargames maintain a healthy, if small, hobby market with lighter games being popular with many 'non-wargamers'.
References
- Jon Peterson (2012), Playing at the World: A History of Simulating Wars, People and Fantastic Adventures, from Chess to Role-Playing Games https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=syNzMAEACAAJ
- Brief History of Wargaming, University of Virginia http://faculty.virginia.edu/setear/students/wargames/page1a.htm
- Leeson, Bill. "Origins of the Kriegsspiel". Kriegsspiel News. http://www.kriegsspiel.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=58. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
- "History of War Games". http://www.coldwar-game.net/history-of-war-games-reviewed.html. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
- Pelvin, Richard. "Jane's Naval War Game". http://www.gwpda.org/naval/janeswgm.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
- Costikyan, Greg (1995). "An Introduction". Little Wars & Floor Games. Hogshead Publishing Ltd..
- Rundle, Michael (9 April 2013). "How HG Wells Invented Modern War Games 100 Years Ago". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/04/09/hg-wells-little-wars-how-_n_3044934.html.
- Miller, Ron (2001). "Jack Coggins". Outre Magazine (23): 42–49.
- Donald Featherstone's Naval Wargames, reprinted by the History of Wargaming Project www.wargaming.co
- See The Fletcher Pratt Naval Wargame, printed by the History of Wargaming Project
- Beattie, Robert. "The Courier's Timeline of the Historical Miniatures Wargaming Hobby". The Courier. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~beattie/timeline2.html. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
- See James Dunnigan's Foreword to Donald Featherstone's Lost Tales, published 2009. Dunnigan clearly places Featherstone in his role as a key propagator of wargaming as a hobby and tool for professionals.
- Roberts, Charles. "Charles S. Roberts: In His Own Words". http://www.alanemrich.com/CSR_pages/Articles/CSRspeaks.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
- Calhamer, Allan (January 1974). "The Invention of Diplomacy". — (21). http://www.diplom.org/~diparch/resources/calhamer/invention.htm. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- Parlett, David. The Oxford History of Board Games. Oxford University Press, UK, 1999. ISBN:0-19-212998-8. pp. 361–362.
- McClelland, Edward (April 20, 2009). "All in the Game". http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-2009/All-in-the-Game/.
- Games & Puzzles magazine, May 1973.
- Owen, Seth (July 1990). "The History of Wargaming 1975-1990". Strategy & Tactics (136). http://pawnderings.blogspot.com/2008/04/history-of-wargaming-1975-1990.html.
- On January 14 and 15, 2002, Ed Wimble of Clash of Arms games and Richard Berg discussed (on the Consimworld online forum) the origins of the "monster game." Berg is famed for his classic monster game Terrible Swift Sword. They agreed that Laurence Groves, and his Martial Enterprises, created the first monster game with La Batatille de la Moscowa in 1974: If one is capable of tracing any roots in such an internecine business back to any original source (which I think is fairly improbable), I'd say Yes ... the genre being the marketing concept of producing games on such a large scale. However, I have always been rather open and forthright about giving the credit to Larry (and his partner) for providing the idea of doing TSS to everyone at SPI watching the swirl of activity around that pivotal appearance of "La Bataile" outside Baltimore. Richard Berg, January 15, 2002
- Dunnigan, James (1992). The Complete Wargames Handbook (2nd ed.). New York, N.Y.: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-10368-5. http://www.hyw.com/Books/WargamesHandbook/Contents.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- Peck, Michael (2006). "The State of Wargaming". Armchair General Magazine. http://www.armchairgeneral.com/the-state-of-wargaming.htm/1?cat=59. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- Szymonik, Peter (November–December 1989). "Collecting Wargames". The Wargamer 2 (16).
- Phil, Barker. "Wargames Research Group". WRG. http://www.wrg.me.uk/. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGag8Qllgnw
- A reprint is available from the History of Wargaming Project at wargaming.co http://www.wargaming.co
- A reprint is available from history of Wargaming Project at wargaming.co http://www.wargaming.co
