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References

1. "Deuteronomy:19-20, The Holy Bible, English Standard Version. ESV". Crossway Bibles. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+20%3A19-20&version=ESV. 
2. "Deuteronomy 20:10–12, The Holy Bible, English Standard Version". Crossway Bibles. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+20%3A10-12&version=ESV. 
3. "Deuteronomy 21:10-14, The Holy Bible, English Standard Version". Crossway Bibles. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+21%3A10-14&version=ESV. 
4. Al-Muwatta; Book 21, Number 21.3.10.
5. Aboul-Enein, H. Yousuf and Zuhur, Sherifa, Islamic Rulings on Warfare, p. 22, Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, Diane Publishing Co., Darby PA, ISBN:1-4289-1039-5
6. http://english.bayynat.org.lb/Quran/quran_al-baqara_19.htm
7. Adomnan of Iona. Life of St. Columba, Penguin Books, 1995
8. "What is IHL?". 2013-12-30. http://www3.nd.edu/~cpence/eewt/IHLRI2009.pdf. 
9. "Publicaciones Defensa". Publicaciones Defensa. http://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/pprevistas/025f896b-fb63-65ab-9bdd-ff0000451707/index.html#/112/. 
10. "Avalon Project - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; February 2, 1848". Avalon.law.yale.edu. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/guadhida.asp. 
11. See, e.g., Doty, Grant R. (1998). "THE UNITED STATES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAWS OF LAND WARFARE". Military Law Review 156: 224. https://www.jagcnet.army.mil/JAGCNETINTERNET/HOMEPAGES/AC/MILITARYLAWREVIEW.NSF/20a66345129fe3d885256e5b00571830/6d99151e5dc7d05085256e5b00577b0d/$FILE/ATTR2A48/Volume156Doty.pdf. 
12. GEOFFREY BEST, HUMANITY IN WARFARE 129 (1980).
13. 2 L. OPPENHEIM, INTERNATIONAL LAW §§ 67–69 (H. Lauterpacht ed., 7th ed. 1952).
14. Judgement : The Law Relating to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity contained in the Avalon Project archive at Yale Law School. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/judlawre.htm
15. "The Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Use of Depleted Uranium Projectiles". Un.org. 2007-03-05. https://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/nato061300.htm#IVA2. 
16. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2002/38 Human rights and weapons of mass destruction, or with indiscriminate effect, or of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering (backup) http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.Sub.2.2002.38.En?Opendocument
17. Article 52 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions provides a widely accepted definition of military objective: "In so far as objects are concerned, military objectives are limited to those objects which by their nature, location, purpose or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralization, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage." (Source: Moreno-Ocampo 2006, page 5, footnote 11)
18. Moreno-Ocampo 2006, See section "Allegations concerning War Crimes" Pages 4,5.
19. Civilian in this instance means civilians who are non-combatants and not members of the military. Article 51.3 of Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions explains that "Civilians shall enjoy the protection afforded by this section, unless and for such time as they take a direct part in hostilities".
20. Greenberg 2011, Illegal Targeting of Civilians.
21. "Basic Principles of the Law Of War and Their Targeting Implications". US Air Force. https://www.doctrine.af.mil/Portals/61/documents/Annex_3-60/3-60-D33-Target-LOAC.pdf.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
22. Jefferson D. Reynolds. "Collateral Damage on the 21st century battlefield: Enemy exploitation of the law of armed conflict, and the struggle for a moral high ground". Air Force Law Review Volume 56, 2005(PDF) Page 57/58 "if international law is not enforced, persistent violations can conceivably be adopted as customary practice, permitting conduct that was once prohibited" http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps28111/Vol.%2056%20(2005)/Volume%2056%20Combined.pdf
23. "Charter of the United Nations, Chapter 1". https://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/index.html. 
24. See certified true copy of the text of the treaty in League of Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 94, p. 57 (No. 2137) http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/LON/Volume%2094/v94.pdf
25. "Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 75 U.N.T.S. 135". United Nations. 1950-09-21. http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/y3gctpw.htm. 
26. Phelps, Martha Lizabeth (December 2014). "Doppelgangers of the State: Private Security and Transferable Legitimacy". Politics & Policy 42 (6): 824–849. doi:10.1111/polp.12100.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fpolp.12100
27. Roberts & Guelff 2000.
28. ICRC Treaties & Documents by date http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/INTRO?OpenView
29. Phillips, Joan T. (May 2006). "List of documents and web links relating to the law of armed conflict in air and space operations". Bibliographer, Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center Maxwell (United States) Air Force Base. http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/loac/loac.htm. 
30. "Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries - Geneva Convention, 1864". https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/INTRO/120?OpenDocument. 
31. "The project of an International Declaration concerning the Laws and Customs of War". 27 August 1874. http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/135?OpenDocument. 
32. "Brussels Conference of 1874 – International Declaration Concerning Laws and Customs of War". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Project on Chemical and Biological Warfare. http://www.sipri.org/contents/cbwarfare/cbw_research_doc/cbw_historical/cbw_historical/cbw-lawswar.html. 
33. Brussels Conference of 1874 ICRC cites D. Schindler and J. Toman, The Laws of Armed Conflicts, Martinus Nihjoff Publisher, 1988, pp. 22–34. http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/INTRO/135?OpenDocument
34. The Hague Rules of Air Warfare, 1922–12 to 1923–02, this convention was never adopted (backup site) http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1918p/hagair.html
35. Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare. Geneva, 17 June 1925 http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/FULL/280?OpenDocument
36. "Draft Convention for the Protection of Civilian Populations Against New Engines of War". http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/0/910f79361f226492c125641e004057ed?OpenDocument.  The meetings of forum were from 29.08.1938 until 02.09.1938 in Amsterdam.
37. "Protection of Civilian Populations Against Bombing From the Air in Case of War". Unanimous resolution of the League of Nations Assembly. 30 September 1938. http://www.dannen.com/decision/int-law.html#D. 
38. "International Committee of the Red Cross". International Committee of the Red Cross. 3 October 2013. https://www.icrc.org/en. 
39. Doswald-Beck, Louise (31 December 1995). "San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea". International Review of the Red Cross. pp. 583–594. http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JMST. 
40. "Guidelines for Military Manuals and Instructions on the Protection of the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict". International Review of the Red Cross. 30 April 1996. pp. 230–237. http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JN38. 
41. "Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel". 1995-12-31. https://www.un.org/law/cod/safety.htm.