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HandWiki. Pseudobulbar Affect. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28120 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Pseudobulbar Affect. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28120. Accessed September 22, 2026.
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Pseudobulbar Affect
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Medicine:Pseudobulbar_affect

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA), or emotional incontinence, is a type of emotional disturbance characterized by uncontrollable episodes of crying, laughing, anger or other emotional displays. PBA occurs secondary to a neurologic disorder or brain injury. Patients may find themselves crying uncontrollably at something that is only moderately sad, being unable to stop themselves for several minutes. Episodes may also be mood-incongruent: a patient may laugh uncontrollably when angry or frustrated, for example. Sometimes, the episodes may switch between emotional states, resulting in the patient crying uncontrollably before dissolving into fits of laughter. The pseudobulbar affect, also referred to as emotional lability, should not be confused with labile mood or labile emotions that stem from emotional instability – affective dysregulation – commonly seen in personality disorders.

emotional instability emotional disturbance pseudobulbar

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