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HandWiki. Interracial Adoption. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28023 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Interracial Adoption. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28023. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Interracial Adoption" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28023 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, September 29). Interracial Adoption. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28023
HandWiki. "Interracial Adoption." Encyclopedia. Web. 29 September, 2022.
Interracial Adoption
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Interracial adoption (also referred to as transracial adoption) refers to the act of placing a child of one racial or ethnic group with adoptive parents of another racial or ethnic group. Interracial adoption is not inherently the same as transcultural or international adoption. However, in some circumstances an adoption may be interracial, international, and transcultural at the same time (or some combination of two of those).

transracial interracial adoption

References

  1. "Persons Seeking to Adopt". National Adoption Information Clearinghouse. Archived from the original on December 5, 2003. https://web.archive.org/web/20031205082532/http://naic.acf.hhs.gov/pubs/s_seek.cfm. 
  2. "Adopted Children and Stepchildren: 2000". census.gov. October 2003. https://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/censr-6.pdf. 
  3. "Children and Families Act 2014". http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/6/section/3/enacted. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  4. [1]
  5. "Intercountry Adoption". Bureau of Consular Affairs. U.S. Department of State. http://adoption.state.gov/about_us/statistics.php. 
  6. University of Oregon, Department of History, Adoption History: African American Adoptions, available at https://pages.uoregon.edu/adoption/topics/AfricanAmerican.htm
  7. https://pages.uoregon.edu/adoption/topics/AfricanAmerican.htm
  8. National Association of Black Social Works, Formal Statement on Trans-Racial Adoptions, September 1972, available at https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.nabsw.org/resource/collection/E1582D77-E4CD-4104-996A-D42D08F9CA7D/NABSW_Trans-Racial_Adoption_1972_Position_(b).pdf
  9. https://www.nytimes.com/1974/04/12/archives/us-families-to-adopt-lepers-children-us-families-are-adopting-eight.html%7Ctitle=U.S. Families to Adopt Lepers' Children|first=Georgia|last=Dullea|date=April 12, 1974|work=New York Times
  10. Coontz, S. (2008). American families: A multicultural reader. New York: Routledge. 
  11. Suter, E. A., Reyes, K. L., & Ballard, R. L. (2011). "Adoptive Parents' Framing of Laypersons' Conceptions of Family". Qualitative Research Reports in Communication 12 (1): 43–50. doi:10.1080/17459435.2011.601524.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F17459435.2011.601524
  12. "Fiscal Year 2009 Annual Report on Intercountry Adoption". U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Intercountry Adoption. 2009. http://adoption.state.gov/content/pdf/fy2009_annual_report.pdf. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  13. Wickes, Kevin L.; Slate, John R. (1996-06-01). "Transracial adoption of Koreans: A preliminary study of adjustment". International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 19 (2): 187–195. doi:10.1007/bf00114788. ISSN 0165-0653.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf00114788
  14. Lee, Richard M.; Team, Minnesota International Adoption Project; Grotevant, Harold D.; Hellerstedt, Wendy L.; Gunnar, Megan R. (2006). "Cultural socialization in families with internationally adopted children.". Journal of Family Psychology 20 (4): 571–580. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.571. PMID 17176191.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2398726
  15. G., McRoy, Ruth; A., Zurcher, Louis; L., Lauderdale, Michael; N., Anderson, Rosalie (1982-11-01). "Self-esteem and racial identity in transracial and inracial adoptees". Social Work 27 (6). doi:10.1093/sw/27.6.522. ISSN 0037-8046.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fsw%2F27.6.522
  16. Soon Huh, Nam; Reid, William J. (2016-12-20). "Intercountry, transracial adoption and ethnic identity: A Korean example". International Social Work 43 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1177/a010522.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2Fa010522
  17. "Adopting Parents - Intercountry Adoption". http://adoption.state.gov/adoption_community/parents.php. 
  18. Sweeney, Kathryn A. (2013). "Race-Conscious Adoption Choices, Multiraciality, and Color-blind Racial Ideology". Family Relations 62 (1): 42–57. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2012.00757.x. ISSN 1741-3729.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1741-3729.2012.00757.x
  19. Reisch, Michael (2008-06-01). "From Melting Pot to Multiculturalism: The Impact of Racial and Ethnic Diversity on Social Work and Social Justice in the USA". The British Journal of Social Work 38 (4): 788–804. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcn001. ISSN 0045-3102.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fbjsw%2Fbcn001
  20. Reisch, M. (2008-04-15). "From Melting Pot to Multiculturalism: The Impact of Racial and Ethnic Diversity on Social Work and Social Justice in the USA". British Journal of Social Work 38 (4): 788–804. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcn001. ISSN 0045-3102.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fbjsw%2Fbcn001
  21. "The Colors of Adoption: Black vs. White -". 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080609095354/http://library.adoption.com/culture-and-ethnicity/the-colors-of-adoption-black-vs-white/article/1791/1.html. 
  22. "Adoption Statistics: Foster Care 1999". Archived from the original on 2005-12-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20051203230630/http://statistics.adoption.com/information/adoption-statistics-foster-care-1999.html. 
  23. Hollingsworth, Leslie Doty (1997-09-02). "Effect of Transracial/Transethnic Adoption on Children's Racial and Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem". Marriage & Family Review 25 (1–2): 99–130. doi:10.1300/j002v25n01_07. ISSN 0149-4929.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1300%2Fj002v25n01_07
  24. Frasch, Karie M.; Brooks, Devon (April 2003). "Normative Development in Transracial Adoptive Families: An Integration of the Literature and Implications for the Construction of a Theoretical Framework". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84 (2): 201–212. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.95. ISSN 1044-3894.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1606%2F1044-3894.95
  25. Curtis, Carla M. (March 1996). "The Adoption of African American Children by Whites: A Renewed Conflict". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 77 (3): 156–165. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.890. ISSN 1044-3894.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1606%2F1044-3894.890
  26. "African-American Leadership Group Condemns Racist Adoption Practices." Project 21
  27. "All in the Family." The New Republic, January 24, 1994, pp6-7.
  28. Christ, Fran. "When Whites Adopt Blacks." PLAN Preadoption Course, May 1990, pp.1-3.
  29. Courtney, Mark, "The Politics and Realities of Transracial Adoption." Child Welfare, Nov/Dec 1997, vLXXVI n6, pp.749-773.
  30. Simon, Rita and Altstein, Howard, "The Case for Transracial Adoption." Children and Youth Services Review, 1996, v18 n1/2, pp.5-12.
  31. Taylor, Robert and Thornton, Michael, "Child Welfare and Transracial Adoption." Journal of Black Psychology, May 1996, v22 n2, pp.282-291.
  32. Butler-Sweet, Colleen (Summer 2019). ""A Healthy Black Identity" Transracial Adoption, Middle-Class Families, and Racial Socialization". Journal of Comparative Family Studies 42 (2): 193–209. doi:10.3138/jcfs.42.2.193.  https://dx.doi.org/10.3138%2Fjcfs.42.2.193
  33. Curtis, Carla M (Summer 2019). "The adoption of African American children by whites: A renewed conflict". Social Services and Welfare, Sociology 77 (3): 156–164. 
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