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HandWiki. Inertial Confinement Fusion. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28018 (accessed on 22 September 2026).
HandWiki. Inertial Confinement Fusion. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28018. Accessed September 22, 2026.
HandWiki. "Inertial Confinement Fusion" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28018 (accessed September 22, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, September 29). Inertial Confinement Fusion. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/28018
HandWiki. "Inertial Confinement Fusion." Encyclopedia. Web. 29 September, 2022.
Inertial Confinement Fusion
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Physics:Inertial_confinement_fusion

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a type of fusion energy research that attempts to initiate nuclear fusion reactions by heating and compressing a fuel target, typically in the form of a pellet that most often contains a mixture of deuterium and tritium. Typical fuel pellets are about the size of a pinhead and contain around 10 milligrams of fuel. To compress and heat the fuel, energy is delivered to the outer layer of the target using high-energy beams of laser light, electrons or ions, although for a variety of reasons, almost all ICF devices (As of 2015) have used lasers. The heated outer layer explodes outward, producing a reaction force against the remainder of the target, accelerating it inwards, compressing the target. This process is designed to create shock waves that travel inward through the target. A sufficiently powerful set of shock waves can compress and heat the fuel at the center so much that fusion reactions occur. ICF is one of two major branches of fusion energy research, the other being magnetic confinement fusion. When it was first proposed in the early 1970s, ICF appeared to be a practical approach to power production and the field flourished. Experiments during the 1970s and '80s demonstrated that the efficiency of these devices was much lower than expected, and reaching ignition would not be easy. Throughout the 1980s and '90s, many experiments were conducted in order to understand the complex interaction of high-intensity laser light and plasma. These led to the design of newer machines, much larger, that would finally reach ignition energies. The largest operational ICF experiment is the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the US, designed using the decades-long experience of earlier experiments. Like those earlier experiments, however, NIF has failed to reach ignition and is, as of 2015, generating about ​1⁄3 of the required energy levels.

nuclear fusion magnetic confinement high-intensity laser

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