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Khan, M.; Hu, C.; , .; Grasso, S. MXene–Metal Composites. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22319 (accessed on 05 September 2024).
Khan M, Hu C,  , Grasso S. MXene–Metal Composites. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22319. Accessed September 05, 2024.
Khan, Maaz, Chunfeng Hu,  , Salvatore Grasso. "MXene–Metal Composites" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22319 (accessed September 05, 2024).
Khan, M., Hu, C., , ., & Grasso, S. (2022, April 26). MXene–Metal Composites. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22319
Khan, Maaz, et al. "MXene–Metal Composites." Encyclopedia. Web. 26 April, 2022.
MXene–Metal Composites
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/coatings12040516

MXene, an advanced family of 2D ceramic material resembling graphene, has had a considerable impact on the field of research because of its unique physiochemical properties. MXene has been synthesized by the selective etching of MAX via different techniques. However, with the passage of time, due to the need for further progress and improvement in MXene materials, ideas have turned toward composite fabrication, which has aided boosting the MXene composites regarding their properties and applications in various areas.

MXene metals composite properties applications

1. Introduction

MXene is a novel class of two-dimensional materials, which is generated by etching the Al layer of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase with HF solutions under gentle mode. MXene has achieved substantial consideration because of its superior hydrophilicity, physiochemical stability, electrical conductivity, and favorable environmental characteristics. It has been stated that, when MXene is employed as an assisting substrate, the properties of composites (containing electro-catalytic activity, phosphate removal, and peroxymonosulfate activation) enhance significantly. It was found that, in comparison with pure Co3O4, the sandwiched Co3O4/MXene composite exhibited superior catalytic activity for peroxymonosulfate activation to degenerate BPA, thus prompting that the use of MXene as a substrate can effectively increase the catalytic activity of active components. Therefore, it is anticipated that MXene could be used as a support of Fe2CoTi3O10 for activation of peroxymonosulfate [1]. The adsorption of albumin, which staved off re-aggregation of the few-layer nanoplates, resulted in stable colloidal solutions after delamination of manifolded MXenes into minute fine nanoplates. Monodisperse colloids were created using cascading centrifugation, which can be used to synthesize MXenes for biomedical purposes. Albumin coated MXenes may find uses in a variety of disciplines, involving medicine, biology, pharmaceuticals, and environmental engineering, where protein adsorption upon nanomaterial planes performs a remarkable function [2].

2. Critical Overview

The electromagnetic properties are crucial for absorption measurement that transforms the electromagnetic wave into heat energy. Facile preparation of MXene and metal composite is required for the exploration of new family members of MXene. The targeted ternary composite nanomaterial could produce a more diverse interface, a larger surface area, and, most significantly, enhance electrical properties, which is critical for managing EMI shielding effectiveness through conduction and polarization loss. There was a substantial contribution in the damping of EM waves due to the competing impact among conducting impedance and surface and interfacial polarization by the oxide nanoparticles located on the MXene surface. Mechanical flexibility and metallic conductivity are the two important factors for energy storage devices. The fabrication of MXene@Zn composite has helped researchers to achieve desirable systems. Energy efficiency requirements in different industries have been overcome by utilizing lightweight and high-performance materials. Al incorporation into MXene can effectively produce materials with high strength, hardness and fracture toughness. Mechanical properties of materials are greatly dependent on dispersion of particles as the wettability has an important role in the dispersion of particles. Excellent wettability of materials improved mechanical properties. Researchers need to design novel three-component MXene heterostructure for multifunctional applications such as supercapacitors, catalytic performance, etc. (as shown in Table 1) The catalytic performance could improve through considering bimetallic nanoparticles. The synergistic effect between Rh/Ni and Pt/Pd nanoparticles accurately adopted surface electric state of nanoparticles. MXene can be used as supportive materials for dehydrogenation. MXene and metal-based anode material can overcome challenges related to batteries because of their large electrical conductivity and significant energy density. Combination of MXene with metal composites consisted excellent capacities with long cycle stability. Metals cause corrosion when exposed to a favorable oxygen-containing environment. The issue can be resolved by applying coating agents to prevent corrosion and explore MXene with other elements, which act as anticorrosive materials. Hard ceramic nanostructures together with soft metal can remarkably upgrade the properties, such as fatigue, strength and corrosion resistance.
Table 1. MXene–metal composites synthesis, properties and application.
MXene–Metal Composites Methods Properties Applications References
Au/Ti3C2Tx chemical reduction microstructure electrochemical and catalytic performance [3]
RhNi/MXene one-step wet chemical microstructure catalytic performance [4]
Ti3C2/DNA/Pd/Pt In-situ process   sensor and catalytic performance [5]
Ti3C2Tx /Ni In-situ hydrothermal EMA electromagnetic wave absorption [6]
Ti3C2Tx/Al pressureless sintering followed by hot extrusion microstructure and mechanical properties solid lubricant [7]
Ti3C2@Au@CdS self reduction microstructure photocatalytic hydrogen production activity [8]
FLM/Al composite self assembly protocol and powder metallurgy microstructure, mechanical properties automotive, aerospace, packaging industries [9]
Ag-Ti3C2Tx and Ag-Nb2CTx self chemical reduction electromagnetic Interference EM wave shielding [10]
Pd@MXene one-step soft solution processing microstructure, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Sensors, catalysis, biomedical [11]
Ti3C2TxMXene@Zn facile in situ electroplating flexibility, wettability, electronic conductivity energy storage system [12]
Ti3C2Tx /Mg-Li liquid metal gelation mechanical properties alloys, batteries and supercapacitor [13]
MXene/Cu high energy ball milling microstructure, mechanical automotive and aerospace industries [14]
Ni-MXene/Cu composites high energy ball milling microstructure, mechanical and wettability automotive and aerospace industries [15]
FeNi/Ti3C2Tx facile in situ hydrothermal microstructure, magnetic and microwave absorption Radar detection technology [16]
Ag-Ti3C2Tx and Ag-Nb2CTx Composites simultaneous self-reduction and oxidation EMI shielding wireless technologies and radar systems [17]
MXene/Ag direct reduction method   lithium-ion batteries [18]
Ti2C/Au-Ag machine learning   electrochemical and SERS intelligent analysis [19]
MOF-derived MnO2/Mn3O4 and Ti3C2 MXene/Au enzymatic inhibition   electrochemical pesticides detection [20]
MXene@Sb one-step electrodeposition approach flexible catalyst, batteries, sensors [21]
Lac/Au/MXene/GCE reduction process   Electrochemical detection of catechol [22]
MXene-Ag0.9Ti0.1 self reduction   electrocatalytic activity [23]
MXene@AuNPs self reduction   catalytic performance [24]
Ni/MoO2@Mo2CTx wet impregnation method   catalytic performance [25]
MXene/MgAl-LDHs in situ synthesis   anticorrosion [26]

3. Summary

In this research, the researchers focused on composites of MXene and metal. Due to their prodigious physical and chemical properties, MXene-based metal composites have gained much attention. MXene/metal composites showed excellent results for synthesis preparation, showed properties such as microstructure, mechanical, thermal stability, and wettability, as well as boosted their wide range of applications in energy storage devices, catalytic activity, supercapacitors, and anti-corrosive and electrochemical performance. Synthesis of the bimetallic MXene complex via the one-step chemical approach has enabled the possible fabrication of other metals with MXene. MXene–metal composites have been demonstrated as efficient electromagnetic absorption materials that might be effective in the application of radar networks and wireless automations. The composite of MXene with aluminum showed excellent mechanical behavior and reduced frictional losses. The chemical stability investigation has led to the synthesis of composite at definite process states. This preliminary research suggests that MXene-reinforced MMCs with significantly better mechanical characteristics could be developed. It is normal to believe that improving MXene amount, size of particle, dispersion, and alloy composition will increase mechanical characteristics even further. Beyond excessive EMI shielding materials, the gained large conductivity and synthesis of ternary hybrid nanostructure offer promise for significances in energy storage, photocatalysis, and multifunctional importance. A bifunctional nanosensor has come up with the latest approach for food and agro-product safety. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus has been detected by using a suitable electrode as a GOx/Au/MXene/Nafion/GCE biosensor to determine the amount of glucose in biological specimens. The manufacturing of sensors based on MXene nanocomposite has unlocked its application in the biomedical field. Nanocomposite based on MXene could efficiently apprehend the disintegration of solar water. More efforts have been made on MXene@Metal composite to fabricate a dendrite-free, metal-based storage cell as well as potassium ion devices. Moreover, the manufacturing of functional nanocomposite extends MXene–metal composite for proceeding implementation in structural alloys as well as batteries and supercapacitors. MXene/Ag composite proved to be a promising electrode material for batteries as well as possess better electrocatalytic activity in alkaline fuel. The development of Ni/MoO2@Mo2CTx catalyst has overcome the issues of transportation and can be employed as fuel in cars. In addition, the detection of methamidophos utilizing composite materials has opened more opportunities in the field of electrochemical sensors for examining different environmental contaminants such as pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Besides, MXene also unbarred routes for its utilization as an anticorrosive agent.

References

  1. Ding, M.; Chen, W.; Xu, H.; Shen, Z.; Lin, T.; Hu, K.; Kong, Q.; Yang, G.; Xie, Z. Heterogeneous Fe2CoTi3O10-MXene composite catalysts: Synergistic effect of the ternary transition metals in the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid based on peroxymonosulfate activation. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 378, 122177.
  2. Seredych, M.; Maleski, K.; Mathis, T.S.; Gogotsi, Y. Delamination of MXenes using bovine serum albumin. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2022, 641, 128580.
  3. Rakhi, R.; Nayak, P.; Xia, C.; Alshareef, H.N. Novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on MXene nanocomposite. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 36422.
  4. Liu, T.; Wang, Q.; Yuan, J.; Zhao, X.; Gao, G. Highly dispersed bimetallic nanoparticles supported on titanium carbides for remarkable hydrogen release from hydrous hydrazine. ChemCatChem 2018, 10, 2200–2204.
  5. Zheng, J.; Wang, B.; Ding, A.; Weng, B.; Chen, J. Synthesis of MXene/DNA/Pd/Pt nanocomposite for sensitive detection of dopamine. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2018, 816, 189–194.
  6. Li, N.; Xie, X.; Lu, H.; Fan, B.; Wang, X.; Zhao, B.; Zhang, R.; Yang, R. Novel two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx/Ni-spheres hybrids with enhanced microwave absorption properties. Ceram. Int. 2019, 45, 22880–22888.
  7. Hu, J.; Li, S.; Zhang, J.; Chang, Q.; Yu, W.; Zhou, Y. Mechanical properties and frictional resistance of Al composites reinforced with Ti3C2Tx MXene. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2020, 31, 996–999.
  8. Yin, J.; Zhan, F.; Jiao, T.; Wang, W.; Zhang, G.; Jiao, J.; Jiang, G.; Zhang, Q.; Gu, J.; Peng, Q. Facile preparation of self-assembled CdS nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. Sci. China Mater. 2020, 63, 2228–2238.
  9. Zhou, W.; Zhou, Z.; Fan, Y.; Nomura, N. Significant strengthening effect in few-layered MXene-reinforced Al matrix composites. Mater. Res. Lett. 2021, 9, 148–154.
  10. Rajavel, K.; Hu, Y.; Zhu, P.; Sun, R.; Wong, C. MXene/metal oxides-Ag ternary nanostructures for electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 399, 125791.
  11. Satheeshkumar, E.; Makaryan, T.; Melikyan, A.; Minassian, H.; Gogotsi, Y.; Yoshimura, M. One-step solution processing of Ag, Au and MXene hybrids for SERS. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 32049.
  12. Tian, Y.; An, Y.; Wei, C.; Xi, B.; Xiong, S.; Feng, J.; Qian, Y. Flexible and Free-Standing Ti3C2Tx Zn Paper for Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries and Nonaqueous Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 11676–11685.
  13. Kamysbayev, V.; James, N.M.; Filatov, A.S.; Srivastava, V.; Anasori, B.; Jaeger, H.M.; Gogotsi, Y.; Talapin, D.V. Colloidal gelation in liquid metals enables functional nanocomposites of 2D metal carbides (MXenes) and lightweight metals. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 12415–12424.
  14. Li, M.; Wang, S.; Wang, Q.; Ren, F.; Wang, Y. Preparation, microstructure and tensile properties of two dimensional MXene reinforced copper matrix composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2021, 803, 140699.
  15. Li, M.; Wang, S.; Wang, Q.; Ren, F.; Wang, Y. Microstructure and tensile properties of Ni nano particles modified MXene reinforced copper matrix composites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2021, 808, 140932.
  16. He, J.; Liu, X.; Deng, Y.; Peng, Y.; Deng, L.; Luo, H.; Cheng, C.; Yan, S. Improved magnetic loss and impedance matching of the FeNi-decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene composite toward the broadband microwave absorption performance. J. Alloy. Compd. 2021, 862, 158684.
  17. Liu, P.; Yao, Z.; Ng, V.M.H.; Zhou, J.; Kong, L.B. Novel multilayer-like structure of Ti3C2Tx/CNZF composites for low-frequency electromagnetic absorption. Mater. Lett. 2019, 248, 214–217.
  18. Zou, G.; Zhang, Z.; Guo, J.; Liu, B.; Zhang, Q.; Fernandez, C.; Peng, Q. Synthesis of MXene/Ag composites for extraordinary long cycle lifetime lithium storage at high rates. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 22280–22286.
  19. Zhu, X.; Liu, P.; Xue, T.; Ge, Y.; Ai, S.; Sheng, Y.; Wu, R.; Xu, L.; Tang, K.; Wen, Y. A novel graphene-like titanium carbide MXene/Au–Ag nanoshuttles bifunctional nanosensor for electrochemical and SERS intelligent analysis of ultra-trace carbendazim coupled with machine learning. Ceram. Int. 2021, 47, 173–184.
  20. Song, D.; Jiang, X.; Li, Y.; Lu, X.; Luan, S.; Wang, Y.; Li, Y.; Gao, F. Metal−organic frameworks-derived MnO2/Mn3O4 microcuboids with hierarchically ordered nanosheets and Ti3C2 MXene/Au NPs composites for electrochemical pesticide detection. J. Hazard. Mater. 2019, 373, 367–376.
  21. Tian, Y.; An, Y.; Xiong, S.; Feng, J.; Qian, Y. A general method for constructing robust, flexible and freestanding metal anodes for high-performance potassium-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 9716–9725.
  22. Chandran, M.; Aswathy, E.; Shamna, I.; Vinoba, M.; Kottappara, R.; Bhagiyalakshmi, M. Laccase immobilized on Au confined MXene based electrode for electrochemical detection of catechol. Mater. Today Proc. 2021, 46, 3136–3143.
  23. Zhang, Z.; Li, H.; Zou, G.; Fernandez, C.; Liu, B.; Zhang, Q.; Hu, J.; Peng, Q. Self-reduction synthesis of new MXene/Ag composites with unexpected electrocatalytic activity. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4, 6763–6771.
  24. Li, K.; Jiao, T.; Xing, R.; Zou, G.; Zhou, J.; Zhang, L.; Peng, Q. Fabrication of tunable hierarchical AuNPs nanocomposites constructed by self-reduction reactions with enhanced catalytic performances. Sci. China Mater. 2018, 61, 728–736.
  25. Liang, J.; Chen, T.; Liu, J.; Zhang, Q.; Peng, W.; Li, Y.; Zhang, F.; Fan, X. Chemoselective hydrodeoxygenation of palmitic acid to diesel-like hydrocarbons over Ni/MoO2@ Mo2CTx catalyst with extraordinary synergic effect. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 391, 123472.
  26. Wu, Y.; Wu, L.; Yao, W.; Jiang, B.; Wu, J.; Chen, Y.; Chen, X.-B.; Zhan, Q.; Zhang, G.; Pan, F. Improved corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy coated with MXenes/MgAl-LDHs composite layer modified with yttrium. Electrochim. Acta 2021, 374, 137913.
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Subjects: Materials Science, Composites
Contributors MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Maaz Khan
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Chunfeng Hu
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Salvatore Grasso
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Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 27 Apr 2022
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