Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1
Ariel R Vicente
 -- 1602 2022-04-22 15:45:42 |
2 layout
Camila Xu
 Meta information modification 1602 2022-04-24 05:12:13 |

Video Upload Options

Do you have a full video?
Send video materials Upload full video

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Vicente, A.; , .; Vicente, A.R.; Cisneros-Zevallos, L.; Artés-Hernández, F. Postharvest Ultraviolet Radiation in Fruit and Vegetables. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22173 (accessed on 20 April 2024).
Vicente A,  , Vicente AR, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Artés-Hernández F. Postharvest Ultraviolet Radiation in Fruit and Vegetables. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22173. Accessed April 20, 2024.
Vicente, Ariel, , Ariel Roberto Vicente, Luis Cisneros-Zevallos, Francisco Artés-Hernández. "Postharvest Ultraviolet Radiation in Fruit and Vegetables" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22173 (accessed April 20, 2024).
Vicente, A., , ., Vicente, A.R., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., & Artés-Hernández, F. (2022, April 22). Postharvest Ultraviolet Radiation in Fruit and Vegetables. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/22173
Vicente, Ariel, et al. "Postharvest Ultraviolet Radiation in Fruit and Vegetables." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 April, 2022.
Postharvest Ultraviolet Radiation in Fruit and Vegetables
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/foods11050653

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comprises the region of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM) between visible light and X-rays (100–400 nm). It was discovered in 1801 by Johann Wilhelm Ritter, who observed that radiation outside the violet end of the visible solar spectrum could decompose silver chloride. Seven decades later, it was discovered that UV light could prevent microbial growth.

UV UVB UVC UV illumination photochemical treatments

1. Introduction

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comprises the region of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM) between visible light and X-rays (100–400 nm) [1]. It was discovered in 1801 by Johann Wilhelm Ritter, who observed that radiation outside the violet end of the visible solar spectrum could decompose silver chloride [2]. Seven decades later, it was discovered that UV light could prevent microbial growth [3].
The UV region is frequently divided into three sub-regions, UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm), and UVC (100—280 nm) (Figure 1), which are used for CIE and ISO standards [4]. Further sub categorization has been performed by some authors to discriminate within the UVC region vacuum UV (100 and 200 nm) with stronger ionizing power, but less penetration [5][6][7]. Based on the known mechanisms of plant photoreception, the UVA region has been split into short-UVA (315–350 nm) and long-UVA (350–400) [8].
Figure 1. Subregions of the UV spectrum relevant for technological applications and plant photoreception.

2. UV Radiation Sources

Commercially available UV sources include mercury lamps (low- and medium-pressure), pulsed light (PL), and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [9]. Although the market has become highly dynamic with the improvement of LEDs, it is still dominated by mercury lamps. These sources are based on the excitation of gas discharges and feature several pitfalls, including a relatively high voltage requirement to operate and a substantial amount of heat released [10]. However, one advantage is that, especially with medium-pressure Hg lamps, high output powers can be achieved.
Xenon inert-gas lamps were introduced during the late 1970s in Japan, leading to the development of sterilizing technology, called PureBright® [11]. PL treatments consist in the exposure of fresh produce to polychromatic light (200–1100 nm), including ultraviolet (180–400 nm), visible (400–700 nm), and near-infrared (700–1100 nm) wavelengths, in the form of intense, but short, pulses (1 μs–0.1 s) [12][13].
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are based on the junction of two-terminal semiconductors (p-n junction) converting electricity into radiation. Depending on the materials out of which the semiconductors are made, the LEDs emit at different wavelengths [14]. The first LEDs, in the early 1960s, emitted infrared (IR) light. Over the years, it became possible to develop LEDs of shorter wavelengths. UV LEDs have several advantages relative to mercury lamps, including their lack of requirement for warming time, their lack of mercury, their compactness, their robustness (with UV LEDs, no protection against glass breakage is necessary, and mobile use is possible), and their large wavelength diversity (210 nm to 360 nm by varying the aluminum content in the AlGaN quantum wells) [10]. In addition, they have lower electromagnetic interference, are easily adaptable for fast modulation in terms of radiation intensity and pulse duration, present narrow-band emission without spurious peaks, and require low maintenance [15]. Two important advantages of LEDs are their long lifespan (expected lifetimes of many 10,000 s of h) and low heat emission [16]. The Achilles heel of UV LEDs is their relatively low quantum efficiency [17]. However, in recent years, by reducing dislocations and defects and improving semiconductor doping and light extraction, their quantum efficiency has been increased [18].

3. Uses in the Food Industry

UV technology has been applied in the food industry for many different purposes (Figure 2).
Figure 2. UV radiation applications in the food industry.
Surface sterilization: One of the most common uses of germicide UVC lamps is as environmental sterilizers in foodstuffs filling equipment, conveyor belts, containers, and working surfaces [19][20]. Sterilizing UV lamps are frequently used for aseptic packing, a technology that is expected to continue growing in the coming years [21][22].
Fluid disinfection: UV radiation in the C zone has been used for water disinfection since 1909. It has been also applied for juice pasteurization [23]. UVC does not generate undesirable by-products, but on the other hand, it does not provide residual disinfection capacity [24]. It has been applied to reduce chlorine use.
Air treatment: Air disinfection can be achieved through different strategies, ranging from irradiating just the air in the upper region to treating all air, either when the room is empty or during circulation through air-conditioning systems [25]. The fact that UVC relatively low radiation doses (0.1–0.3 kJ m−2 for 2 log cycle reductions) can inactivate human SARS-coronaviruses has increased the recent interest in using UV radiation for air treatment [26][27][28].
Waste treatment: Another application of UV radiation has been the elimination of undesirable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial exhausts [29][30]. This has been achieved through advanced oxidation processes combining UV radiation with photocatalysts, such as TiO2 [9][31]. This strategy generates highly oxidative environments, which facilitates the degradation of unwanted molecules [32].
Insect trapping: For a long time, it has been known that UV radiation can attract insects; thus, it is used for trapping purposes [33]. The most common insect light traps use “black-light” fluorescent tubes emitting ultraviolet (UVA) as an insect attractant in both pre and postharvest [34]. Furthermore, insects may be trapped in glued materials or killed in electrically charged grids [35].

4. Uses in Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest

UV technology may be of interest for the postharvest treatment of fruits and vegetables for many different purposes [36][37] (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Main uses of postharvest UV treatments for direct application in fruit and vegetables.
Raw material selection: The presence of skin defects or wounding is a main factor affecting consumer acceptability and purchase decisions. Consequently, one of the most intensive activities of packinghouses is to separate fruit with these defects. Normally, this is performed through visual inspection or machine optical sorting when the fruit is illuminated under proper white light [38]. In citrus, the use of UV lamps during initial classification has may facilitate the identification of physical damages. UVA “black light” illuminates fruit, showing that small peel cracks fluoresce intensely, allowing segregation at early classification steps [39]. The conveyor belts transporting the fruit cross these rooms, where the operators must wear protective glasses and gloves.
Control of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms: Relying on UVC germicide properties, a large body of research evaluated this technology in fruits and vegetables to control surface microorganisms [40]. Microbial death induced by UVC has been attributed to DNA mutations, including the formation of cyclobutyl-type dimers (pyrimidine dimers) and pyrimidine adducts [41][42]. Furthermore, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by UV radiation can oxidize membrane lipids and inhibit critical cellular enzymes [43]. Most enzymes that contain aromatic amino acids are likely to be sensitive to UV radiation to some extent due to their absorption in this region. Due to its higher energy, UVC is the most effective at killing microorganisms [44]. UV radiation is lethal to bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi [45]. Successive studies showed that UV radiation is more efficient for inactivating Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. This effect has been associated with the difference in the cell wall peptidoglycan structure, which can affect radiation penetration [46]. Furthermore, eukaryotic organisms are normally more resistant to UV than bacteria due to their higher cell size, complexity, and genetic redundancy [47]. The relatively high yeast resistance to UV radiation has also been associated with lower DNA pyrimidine content relative to bacteria, which may increase the likelihood of photons being absorbed by other compounds [48].
Several works have studied the impact of postharvest pre-storage single exposure on most common postharvest fungal pathogens, including Rhizopus, Penicillum digitatum, P. expansum and Penicillum italicum, Monilinia sp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletrichcum sp. and Fusarium sp. among others [49][50], with positive effects with regards to reducing disease incidence and severity. Direct germicide action compromising microbial viability has been frequently reported [51], but less severe effects, such as the reduced germination speed of viable conidia, have also been observed [52]. With regards to human pathogens, the direct UV irradiation of fresh produce reduced the viability of E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria [53][54][55][56][57]. These studies have so far mostly been conducted on a laboratory or, in the best scenario, pilot scale. A review of the available research suggests that their widespread commercial use requires some important aspects to be solved, especially with regards to the adaptability of this treatment to continuous processing lines (where the treatment duration may require minutes at low irradiances), safety procedures for workers and even radiation exposure, while avoiding mechanical damage, especially to fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the fact that wet cleaning methods have long been applied to fresh produce could limit the fast adoption of a different technology.
The mechanisms through which UV prevents deterioration exceed radiation germicide properties and involve host-induced physiological responses [58][59][60]. They include the inhibition of ripening-related genes [61] and the induction of enzymes and compounds, improving tolerance to opportunistic pathogens or other environmental effectors causing oxidative damage. An array of defensive responses has been observed in UV-stressed tissues. It includes the activation of glucanases and chitinases thought to be involved in the degradation of microbial cell walls, the induction of genes related to phenolic compound biosynthesis or oxidation, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), and peroxidases (PODs) [62][63]. Another frequent change reported is the upregulation of gene coding for antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases (SODs), ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), and catalases (CATs) [64]. More recently, Rabelo et al. [65] proposed that the UV response is mediated by the generation of oxidative stress as the primary signaling molecule generated through the partial ionization of water and an increase in mitochondrial activity. With regards to the induction of compounds that could contribute to increasing host tolerance to pathogen attack, there have been several reports on metabolites with direct antimicrobial activity (i.e., hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 6-methoxymellein, scoparone, scopoletin, rishitin), or reinforcing structural barriers [49][66]. Phenolic compounds showing in many cases antimicrobial and antioxidant properties have been the most frequently identified family of induced antimicrobial compounds.

References

  1. Delorme, M.M.; Guimarães, J.T.; Coutinho, N.M.; Balthazar, C.F.; Rocha, R.S.; Silva, R.; Margalho, L.P.; Pimentel, T.L.; Silva, M.C.; Freitas, M.Q.; et al. Ultraviolet radiation: An interesting technology to preserve quality and safety of milk and dairy foods. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2020, 102, 146–154.
  2. Shin, J.Y.; Kim, S.J.; Kim, D.K.; Kang, D.H. Fundamental characteristics of deep-UV light-emitting diodes and their application to control foodborne pathogens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2016, 82, 2–10.
  3. Downes, A.; Blunt, T.P. Researches on the effect of light upon bacteria and other organisms. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 1877, 26, 488–500.
  4. Bjorn, L.O. History ultraviolet-A, B, and C. UV4Plants Bull. 2015, 1, 17–18.
  5. Zoschke, K.; Bornick, H.; Worch, E. Review vacuum-UV radiation at 185 nm in water treatment. A review. Water Res. 2014, 52, 134–145.
  6. Szeto, W.; Yam, W.C.; Huang, H.; Leung, D.Y. The efficacy of vacuum-ultraviolet light disinfection of some common environmental pathogens. BMC Infect. Dis. 2020, 20, 127.
  7. Kim, J.; Jang, J. Inactivation of airborne viruses using vacuum ultraviolet photocatalysis for a flow-through indoor air purifier with short irradiation time. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2018, 52, 557–566.
  8. Rai, N.; Morales, L.O.; Aphalo, P.J. Perception of solar UV radiation by plants: Photoreceptors and mechanisms. Plant Physiol. 2021, 186, 1382–1396.
  9. Natarajan, T.S.; Natarajan, K.; Bajaj, H.C.; Tayade, R.J. Energy Efficient UV-LED Source and TiO2 Nanotube Array-Based Reactor for Photocatalytic Application. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50, 7753.
  10. Bergman, R.S. Germicidal UV Sources and Systems. Photochem. Photobiol. 2021, 97, 466–470.
  11. Gómez-López, V.M.; Ragaert, P.; Debevere, J.; Devlieghere, F. Pulsed light for food decontamination: A review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2007, 18, 464–473.
  12. Oms-Oliu, G.; Martín-Belloso, O.; Soliva-Fortuny, R. Pulsed light treatments for food preservation. A review. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2010, 3, 13–23.
  13. Denoya, G.I.; Pataroc, G.; Ferrari, G. Effects of postharvest pulsed light treatments on the quality and antioxidant properties of persimmons during storage. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2020, 160, 111055.
  14. Pulli, T.; Dönsberg, T.; Poikonen, T.; Manoocheri, F.; Kärhä, P.; Ikonen, E. Advantages of white LED lamps and new detector technology in photometry. Light Sci. Appl. 2015, 4, e332.
  15. Nassarawa, S.S.; Abdelshafy, A.M.; Xu, Y.; Li, L.; Luo, Z. Effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the quality of fruits and vegetables during postharvest period: A review. Food Bioproc. Technol. 2021, 14, 388–414.
  16. Zhang, F.; Shi, Z.F.; Ma, Z.Z.; Li, Y.; Li, S.; Wu, D.; Du, G.T. Silica coating enhances the stability of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals for efficient and stable down-conversion in white light-emitting devices. Nanoscale 2018, 10, 20131–20139.
  17. Guttmann, M.; Susilo, A.; Sulmoni, L.; Susilo, N.; Ziffer, E.; Wernicke, T.; Kneissl, M. Light extraction efficiency and internal quantum efficiency of fully UVC-transparent AlGaN based LEDs. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2021, 54, 335101.
  18. Loi, M.; Villani, A.; Paciolla, F.; Mulè, G.; Paciolla, C. Challenges and Opportunities of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) as Key to Modulate Antioxidant Compounds in Plants. A Review Antioxidants 2021, 10, 42.
  19. Bintsis, T.; Litopoulou-Tzanetaki, E.; Robinson, R.K. Existing and potential applications of ultraviolet light in the food industry—A critical review. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2000, 80, 637–645.
  20. López-Gómez, A.; Castano-Villar, A.M.; Palop, A.; Marín-Iniesta, F. Hygienic design and microbial control of refrigeration and air conditioning systems for food processing and packaging plants. Food Eng. Rev. 2013, 5, 18–35.
  21. Koutchma, T. Advances in ultraviolet light technology for non-thermal processing of liquid foods. Food Bioproc. Technol. 2009, 2, 138–155.
  22. Jildeh, Z.B.; Wagner, P.H.; Schöning, M.J. Sterilization of objects, products, and packaging surfaces and their characterization in different fields of industry: The status in 2020. Phys. Estado Solidi 2021, 218, 2000732.
  23. Tran, H.D.M.; Boivin, S.; Kodamatani, H.; Ikehata, K.; Fujioka, T. Potential of UV-B and UV-C irradiation in disinfecting microorganisms and removing N-nitrosodimethylamine and 1, 4-dioxane for potable water reuse: A review. Chemosphere 2021, 286, 131682.
  24. Wang, C.P.; Chang, C.S.; Lin, W.C. Efficiency improvement of a flow-through water disinfection reactor using UV-C light emitting diodes. J. Water Process. Eng. 2021, 40, 101819.
  25. Memarzadeh, F. A Review of Recent Evidence for Utilizing Ultraviolet Irradiation Technology to Disinfect Both Indoor Air and Surfaces. Appl. Biosaf. 2021, 26, 52–56.
  26. Buonanno, M.; Welch, D.; Shuryak, I.; Brenner, D.J. Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses. Sci. Rep 2020, 10, 10285.
  27. Quevedo, R.; Bastías-Montes, J.M.; Espinoza-Tellez, T.; Ronceros, B.; Balic, I.; Muñoz, O. Inactivation of Coronaviruses in food industry: The use of inorganic and organic disinfectants, ozone, and UV radiation. Sci. Agropec. 2020, 11, 257–266.
  28. Ma, B.; Gundy, P.M.; Gerba, C.P.; Sobsey, M.D.; Linden, K.G. UV Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 across the UVC Spectrum: KrCl* Excimer, Mercury-Vapor, and Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) Sources. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2021, 87, e01532-21.
  29. Li, Y.W.; Ma, W.L. Photocatalytic oxidation technology for indoor air pollutants elimination: A. review. Chemosphere 2021, 280, 130667.
  30. Lee, C.S.; Shayegan, Z.; Haghighat, F.; Zhong, L.; Bahloul, A.; Huard, M. Experimental evaluation of in-duct electronic air cleaning technologies for the removal of ketones. Build. Environ. 2021, 196, 107782.
  31. Varma, K.S.; Tayade, R.J.; Shah, K.J.; Joshi, P.A.; Shukla, A.D.; Gandhi, V.G. Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical and pesticide compounds (PPCs) using doped TiO2 nanomaterials: A review. Water-Energy Nexus 2020, 3, 46–61.
  32. Matafonov, G.; Batoev, V. Recent advances in application of UV light-emitting diodes for degrading organic pollutants in water through advanced oxidation processes: A review. Water Res. 2018, 132, 177–189.
  33. Windsor, H. ‘Electric chair’ for insects aids farmers. Pop. Mechan. 1934, 61, 406–407.
  34. González, M.; Alarcón-Elbal, P.M.; Valle-Mora, J.; Goldarazena, A. Comparison of different light sources for trapping Culicoides biting midges, mosquitoes and other dipterans. Vet. Parasitol. 2016, 226, 44–49.
  35. Sliney, D.H.; Gilbert, D.W.; Terry, L. Ultraviolet safety assessments of insect light traps. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2016, 13, 413–424.
  36. Ribeiro, C.; Canadá, J.; Alvarenga, B. Prospects of UV radiation for application in postharvest technology. Emir. J. Food Agric. 2012, 24, 586–597.
  37. Turtoi, M. Ultraviolet light treatment of fresh fruits and vegetables surface: A review. J. Agroalim. Proc. Technol. 2013, 19, 325–337. Available online: https://hyperviolet.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/White-Paper-UV-C-Frutas-2-1.pdf (accessed on 15 November 2021).
  38. Blasco, J.; Aleixos, N.; Gómez, J.; Molto, E. Citrus sorting by identification of the most common defects using multispectral computer vision. J. Food Eng. 2007, 83, 384–393.
  39. Firouzjaei, R.A.; Minaei, S.; Beheshti, B. Sweet lemon mechanical damage detection using image processing technique and UV radiation. J. Food Meas. Charact. 2018, 12, 1513–1518.
  40. Charles, F. Current challenges of physical treatments to control quality and postharvest diseases of fresh fruits and vegetables. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2018, 309, 012003.
  41. Livneh, Z.; Cohen-Fix, O.; Skaliter, R.; Elizur, T. Replication of damaged DNA and the molecular mechanism of ultraviolet light mutagenesis. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1993, 28, 465–513.
  42. Leung, W.Y.; Murray, V. The influence of DNA methylation on the sequence specificity of UVB-and UVC-induced DNA damage. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 2021, 221, 112225.
  43. Visser, P.M.; Poos, J.J.; Scheper, B.B.; Boelen, P.; van Duyl, F.C. Diurnal variations in depth profiles of UV-induced DNA damage and inhibition of bacterioplankton production in tropical coastal waters. Marine. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2002, 228, 28–33.
  44. Hoerter, J.D.; Arnold, A.A.; Kuczynska, D.A.; Shibuya, A.; Ward, C.S.; Sauer, M.G.; Gizachew, A.; Hotchkiss, T.M.; Fleming, T.J.; Johnson, S. Effects of sublethal UVA irradiation on activity levels of oxidative defense enzymes and protein oxidation in Escherichia coli. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol. 2005, 81, 171–180.
  45. Akhila, P.P.; Sunooj, K.V.; Aaliya, B.; Navaf, M.; Sudheesh, C.; Sabu, S.; Khaneghah, A.M. Application of electromagnetic radiations for decontamination of fungi and mycotoxins in food products: A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2021, 114, 399–409.
  46. Kim, D.K.; Kim, S.J.; Kang, D.H. Bactericidal effect of 266 to 279 nm wavelength UVC-LEDs for inactivation of Gram positive and Gram negative foodborne pathogenic bacteria and yeasts. Food Res. Int. 2017, 97, 280–287.
  47. Soler, P.; Moreno-Mesonero, L.; Zornoza, A.; Macián, V.J.; Moreno, Y. Characterization of eukaryotic microbiome and associated bacteria communities in a drinking water treatment plant. Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 797, 149070.
  48. Gayán, E.; Condón, S.; Álvarez, I. Biological aspects in food preservation by ultraviolet light: A review. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2014, 7, 1–20.
  49. D’hallewin, G.; Schirra, M.; Manueddu, E.; Piga, A.; Ben-Yehoshua, S. Scoparone and scopoletin accumulation and ultraviolet-C induced resistance to postharvest decay in oranges as influenced by harvest date. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 1999, 124, 702–707.
  50. Filho, F.O.; Silva, E.D.O.; Lopes, M.M.D.A.; Ribeiro, P.R.V.; Oster, A.H.; Guedes, J.A.C.; Zocolo, G.J. Effect of pulsed light on postharvest disease control-related metabolomic variation in melon (Cucumis melo) artificially inoculated with Fusarium pallidoroseum. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0220097.
  51. Erkan, T.; Wang, C.Y.; Krizek, D.T. UV-C irradiation reduces microbial populations and deterioration in Cucurbita pepo fruit tissue. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2001, 45, 1–9.
  52. Pan, J.; Vicente, A.R.; Martínez, G.A.; Chaves, A.R.; Civello, P.M. Combined use of UV-C irradiation and heat treatment to improve postharvest life of strawberry fruit. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2004, 84, 1831–1838.
  53. Gayán, E.; Monfort, S.; Álvarez, I.; Condón, S. UV-C inactivation of Escherichia coli at different temperatures. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 2011, 12, 531–541.
  54. Gayán, E.; Serrano, M.J.; Raso, J.; Álvarez, I.; Condón, S. Inactivation of Salmonella enterica by UV-C light alone and in combination with mild temperatures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2012, 78, 8353–8361.
  55. Cheng, Y.; Chen, H.; Sánchez Basurto, L.A.; Protasenko, V.V.; Bharadwaj, S.; Islam, M.; Moraru, C.I. Inactivation of Listeria and E. coli by Deep-UV LED: Effect of substrate conditions on inactivation kinetics. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 3411.
  56. Kebbi, Y.; Muhammad, A.I.; Sant’Ana, A.S.; do Prado-Silva, L.; Liu, D.; Ding, T. Recent advances on the application of UV-LED technology for microbial inactivation: Progress and mechanism. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 2020, 19, 3501–3527.
  57. Prasad, A.; Gänzle, M.; Roopesh, M.S. Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella using 365 and 395 nm high intensity pulsed light emitting diodes. Foods 2019, 8, 679.
  58. Charles, M.T.; Benhamou, N.; Arul, J. Physiological basis of UV-C induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit. III. Ultrastructural modifications and their impact on fungal colonization. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2008, 47, 27–40.
  59. Charles, M.T.; Goulet, A.; Arul, J. Physiological basis of UV-C induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit. IV. Biochemical modification of structural barriers. Postharvest. Biol. Technol. 2008, 47, 41–53.
  60. Charles, M.T.; Mercier, J.; Makhlouf, J.; Arul, J. Physiological basis of UV-C induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato fruit. I. Role of pre- and post-challenge accumulation of the phytoalexin-rishitin. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2008, 47, 10–20.
  61. Pombo, M.A.; Dotto, M.C.; Martínez, G.A.; Civello, P.M. UV-C irradiation delays strawberry fruit softening and modifies the expression of genes involved in cell wall degradation. Postharvest. Biol. Technol. 2009, 51, 141–148.
  62. Nigro, F.; Ippolito, A.; Lattanzio, V.; Salerno, M. Effect of ultraviolet-C light on postharvest decay of strawberry. J. Plant Pathol. 2000, 82, 29–37. Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41997977 (accessed on 15 November 2021).
  63. Sheng, K.; Shui, S.S.; Yan, L.; Liu, C.; Zheng, L. Effect of postharvest UV-B or UV-C irradiation on phenolic compounds and their transcription of phenolic biosynthetic genes of table grapes. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2018, 55, 3292–3302.
  64. Andrade Cuvi, M.J.; Vicente, A.R.; Concellón, A.; Chaves, A.R. Changes in red pepper antioxidants as affected by UV-C treatments and storage at chilling temperatures. Food Sci. Technol. 2011, 44, 1666–1671.
  65. Rabelo, M.C.; Bang, W.Y.; Nair, V.; de Miranda, M.R.A.; Cisneros-Zevallos, L. UVC light modulates vitamin C and phenolic biosynthesis in acerola fruit: Role of increased mitochondria activity and ROS production. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 21972.
  66. Mercier, J.; Roussel, D.; Charles, M.T.; Arul, J. Systemic and local responses associated with UV- and pathogen-induced resistance to Botrytis cinerea in stored carrot. Phytopathology 2000, 90, 981–986.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Food Science & Technology
Contributors MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Ariel Vicente
,
,
Ariel Roberto Vicente
,
Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
,
Francisco Artés-Hernández
View Times: 1.2K
Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 24 Apr 2022
Table of Contents
    1000/1000
    Hot Most Recent
    Feedback