Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 Obtaining of polyelectrolyte complexes of κ-Carrageenan and Chitosan modifies their charge, polydispersity and anti-inflammatory activity.
Irina Vasilievna Sorokina
 + 242 word(s) 242 2020-09-09 08:17:23 |
2 format change
Nicole Yin
 Meta information modification 242 2020-09-23 04:04:20 |

Video Upload Options

We provide professional Video Production Services to translate complex research into visually appealing presentations. Would you like to try it?
No, upload directly Yes

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Davydova, V.N.; Sorokina, I.V.; Volod’ko, A.V.; Sokolova, E.V.; Borisova, M.S.; Yermak, I.M. Carrageenan. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/2125 (accessed on 22 December 2024).
Davydova VN, Sorokina IV, Volod’ko AV, Sokolova EV, Borisova MS, Yermak IM. Carrageenan. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/2125. Accessed December 22, 2024.
Davydova, Viktoriya N., Irina V. Sorokina, Aleksandra V. Volod’ko, Ekaterina V. Sokolova, Marina S. Borisova, Irina M. Yermak. "Carrageenan" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/2125 (accessed December 22, 2024).
Davydova, V.N., Sorokina, I.V., Volod’ko, A.V., Sokolova, E.V., Borisova, M.S., & Yermak, I.M. (2020, September 22). Carrageenan. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/2125
Davydova, Viktoriya N., et al. "Carrageenan." Encyclopedia. Web. 22 September, 2020.
Carrageenan
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/md18090458

Carrageenan (CGN) is a sulfated galactose copolymer composed of alternating units of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-galactose joined by α-1,3 and β-1,4-glycosidic linkages.

carrageenans immunomodulators antioxidants polyelectrolyte complexes drug delivery

1. Introduction

CGN is classified into various types such as λ, κ, ι, ε, μ, depending on the amount and location of sulfate groups as well as the presence or absence of 3,6-anhydro-galactose units[1].

2. Applications

CGNs have diverse activities including immunomodulatory[2], anticoagulant[3], antithrombotic[4], antiviral[5], and antitumor effects[6]. In recent years, CGNs have been increasingly used for pharmaceutical purposes. CGNs are one source of soluble dietary fibers[7]. Standard animal safety studies in which CGN was administered in diet showed no adverse effects[8]. Due to their biocompatibility, safety (USP35-NF30S1, BP2012, EP7.0), availability, wide range of biological activity, a simple thermo-reversible gelation mechanism, viscoelastic properties and the ability to form complexes with polycations via electrostatic interactions, CGNs are ideal components to obtain new vehicles for the delivery therapeutic substances that can be retained at mucosal surfaces and release the drug slowly[9].

Marine polysaccharides stimulate different types of immune system cells, both in vitro and in vivo, to produce and secrete molecules with immunostimulatory effects[10][11]. CGNs have been demonstrated to play an important role as free-radical scavengers and antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative damage in living organisms[12]. Our studies on the antioxidant capacity of CGN[13] have shown that the activity of carrageenans depends on the polysaccharide structure. Hence, they have therapeutic potential for the treatment of immunological disorders.

References

  1. F. Van De Velde; Svein Halvor Knutsen; A.I. Usov; H.S. Rollema; A.S. Cerezo; 1H and 13C high resolution NMR spectroscopy of carrageenans: application in research and industry. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2002, 13, 73-92, 10.1016/s0924-2244(02)00066-3.
  2. Irina M. Yermak; Anna O. Barabanova; Dmitry L. Aminin; Victoria N. Davydova; Ekaterina Sokolova; Tamara F. Solov’Eva; Yong Hwan Kim; Kwang Soon Shin; Effects of structural peculiarities of carrageenans on their immunomodulatory and anticoagulant activities. Carbohydrate Polymers 2012, 87, 713-720, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.053.
  3. Ekaterina Sokolova; Anna O. Byankina; Alexandra A. Kalitnik; Yong H. Kim; Larisa N. Bogdanovich; Tamara F. Solov'eva; Irina M. Yermak; Influence of red algal sulfated polysaccharides on blood coagulation and platelets activationin vitro. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 2013, 102, 1431-1438, 10.1002/jbm.a.34827.
  4. Tuhin Ghosh; Kausik Chattopadhyay; Manfred Marschall; Paramita Karmakar; Pinaki Mandal; Bimalendu Ray; Focus on antivirally active sulfated polysaccharides: From structure–activity analysis to clinical evaluation. Glycobiology 2008, 19, 2-15, 10.1093/glycob/cwn092.
  5. Gomaa, H.H.A.; Elshoubaky, G.A.; Antiviral Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharides Carrageenan from Some Marine Seaweeds. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Rev. Res. 2016, 7, 34–42.
  6. Huamao Yuan; Jinming Song; Xuegang Li; Ning Li; Song Liu; Enhanced immunostimulatory and antitumor activity of different derivatives of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides from Kappaphycus striatum. Journal of Applied Phycology 2010, 23, 59-65, 10.1007/s10811-010-9536-4.
  7. Lahaye, M.; Kaeffer, B.; Seaweed dietary fibres: Structure, physico-chemical and biological properties relevant to intestinal physiology. Sci. Aliment. 1997, 17, 563–584.
  8. Myra L. Weiner; Food additive carrageenan: Part II: A critical review of carrageenanin vivosafety studies. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 2014, 44, 244-269, 10.3109/10408444.2013.861798.
  9. Vipul D. Prajapati; Pankaj Maheriya; Girish K. Jani; Himanshu K. Solanki; RETRACTED: Carrageenan: A natural seaweed polysaccharide and its applications. Carbohydrate Polymers 2014, 105, 97-112, 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.067.
  10. Pérez-Recalde, M.; Matulewicz, M.C.; Pujol, C.A.; Carlucci, M.J. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweed Nemalion helminthoides. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2014, 63, 38–42.
  11. Liu, Q.; Xu, S.; Li, L.; Pan, T.; Shi, C.L.; Liu, H.; Cao, M.; Su, W.; Liu, G. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Porphyra haitanensis. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 165, 189–196.
  12. Arumugampillai Manimehalai Suganya; Muthusamy Sanjivkumar; Manohar Navin Chandran; Arunachalam Palavesam; Grasian Immanuel; Pharmacological importance of sulphated polysaccharide carrageenan from red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii in comparison with commercial carrageenan. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2016, 84, 1300-1312, 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.067.
  13. E V Sokolova; A O Barabanova; V A Homenko; T F Solov'eva; R N Bogdanovich; Irina M. Yermak; In vitro and ex vivo studies of antioxidant activity of carrageenans, sulfated polysaccharides from red algae.. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 2011, 150, 426–428.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Contributors MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Viktoriya N. Davydova
,
Irina V. Sorokina
,
Aleksandra V. Volod’ko
,
Ekaterina V. Sokolova
,
Marina S. Borisova
,
Irina M. Yermak
View Times: 996
Revisions: 2 times (View History)
Update Date: 23 Sep 2020
Table of Contents
    1000/1000
    Hot Most Recent
    Video Production Service
    Feedback