Chronic rhinosinusitis

Version	Summary	Created by	Modification	Content Size	Created at	Operation
1	We conducted a novel study that investigated the oral microbiome in CRS and could diagnose the presence of CRS accurately in clinical subjects with NGS, indicating that the NGS-based platform could be a better approach in clinical detection of CRS.	Chih-Po Chiang	+ 604 word(s)	604	2020-07-09 10:49:21	\|
2	format correct	Camila Xu	Meta information modification	604	2020-10-27 09:05:41	\|

This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/microorganisms8060959

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the chronic inﬂammation of the sinus cavities of the upper respiratory tract, which can be caused by a disrupted microbiome. However, the role of the oral microbiome in CRS is not well understood. Polymicrobial and anaerobic infections of CRS frequently increased the diﬃculty of cultured and antibiotic therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the patterns and clinical feasibility of the oral microbiome in CRS diagnosis. Matched saliva and nasal swabs were collected from 18 CRS patients and 37 saliva specimens from normal volunteers were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The α-diversity of the saliva displayed no signiﬁcant diﬀerence between control and CRS patients, whereas the β-diversity was signiﬁcantly diﬀerent (p = 0.004). Taxonomic indices demonstrated that Veillonella dispar, Rothia mucilaginosa, and Porphyromonas endodontalis were enriched, while Campylobacter and Cardiobacterium were reduced in the saliva of CRS patients. These microbial markers could signiﬁcantly distinguish CRS patients from control (AUC = 0.939). It is noted that the 16S rRNA results of the nasal swab were consistent with the nasopharynx aerobic culture, and additionally detected multiple pathogens in CRS patients. In summary, these results indicated these oral microbiomes may provide a novel signal for CRS detection and that NGS may be an alternative approach for CRS diagnosis.

chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) nasal microbiome oral microbiome saliva next-generation sequencing (NGS)

1. Introduction

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common upper respiratory tract disease, defined as a persistent inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinus mucosa for more than 12 weeks. CRS is frequently caused by viral and bacterial infection, resulting in symptoms of nasal congestion/discharge, facial pain/pressure, and loss of smell. These symptoms not only severely impact the patient’s quality of life and work ability but also cause an enormous economic burden [1,2]. According to whether nasal polyps are present, CRS is further divided into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP). When the number of polyps is too many or they become too large, they will further block the nasal cavity, preventing normal mucus discharge and worsening the infection. Until now, the therapeutic approach for CRS has been treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, saline lavage, and surgery [3].

2. Specifics

CRS pathogenesis is a complex process of microbial infection and inflammation. Numerous studies have investigated the microbiome in the sinuses of normal subjects and CRS patients [4,5]. However, few studies have reported the patterns and clinical relevance of oral microbiomes in CRS patients. The oral cavity and neighboring nasal cavity are ideal habitats for microbiomes due to the stable oral temperature, pH, and nutrient transportation from saliva [6,7]. It is noted that the oral microbiome is the second most complex microbial system behind the gut microbiota. Approximately 700 species have been reported in the oral cavity; half of them are cultivated and named [8]. The oral cavity is also an important entrance for both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Oral pathogens have been reported to impact systemic health through the bloodstream, swallowing, or other avenues and are involved in systemic diseases, especially for periodontal disease in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease [9,10,11].

The clinical characteristics of CRS are a polymicrobial infection and an increased proportion of anaerobes. The polymicrobial infection increases the difficulty of antibiotic therapy, and most of the anaerobic species are uncultivated [4]. Therefore, use of the culture-independent molecular approach has been growing in the past few years with pyrosequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, few studies have assessed different sites of the microbiome in the same CRS patients, especially within the oral microbiome in CRS. Furthermore, conflicting results exist between culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches.

References

Deborah Shoemark; S.J. Allen; The Microbiome and Disease: Reviewing the Links between the Oral Microbiome, Aging, and Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2014, 43, 725-738, 10.3233/jad-141170.
Leah M Feazel; Charles E. Robertson; Vijay R. Ramakrishnan; Daniel N. Frank; Leah M. Feazel Ms; Microbiome complexity and Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis. The Laryngoscope 2012, 122, 467-472, 10.1002/lary.22398.
Andrew Vaughn; Courtney Shaver; David Clark; Association Between Culture and Culture-Independent Microtyping in Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis.. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 2019, 98, 94-97, 10.1177/0145561318823371.
Jake Jervis Bardy; Alkis J. Psaltis; Next Generation Sequencing and the Microbiome of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 2016, 125, 613-621, 10.1177/0003489416641429.
Neil Bhattacharyya; Incremental Health Care Utilization and Expenditures for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in the United States. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 2011, 120, 423-427, 10.1177/000348941112000701.
Rahuram Sivasubramaniam; Richard Douglas; The microbiome and chronic rhinosinusitis. World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2018, 4, 216-221, 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.08.004.
Michael Hoggard; Brett Wagner MacKenzie; Ravi Jain; Michael W. Taylor; Kristi Biswas; Richard Douglas; Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Evolving Understanding of Microbial Ecology in Chronic Inflammatory Mucosal Disease. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2016, 30, 321-348, 10.1128/cmr.00060-16.
Jørn A. Aas; Bruce J. Paster; Lauren N. Stokes; Ingar Olsen; Floyd E. Dewhirst; Defining the Normal Bacterial Flora of the Oral Cavity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2005, 43, 5721-5732, 10.1128/jcm.43.11.5721-5732.2005.
Yenkai Lim; Makrina Totsika; Mark Morrison; Chamindie Punyadeera; Oral Microbiome: A New Biomarker Reservoir for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Theranostics 2017, 7, 4313-4321, 10.7150/thno.21804.
Yangheng Zhang; Xiang Wang; Houxuan Li; Can Ni; Zhibin Du; Fuhua Yan; Human oral microbiota and its modulation for oral health. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2018, 99, 883-893, 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.146.
William Wade; The oral microbiome in health and disease. Pharmacological Research 2013, 69, 137-143, 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.006.

© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.

Upload a video for this entry

Information

Subjects: Microbiology

Contributors MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :

Ben-Chih Yuan

Yao-Tsung Yeh

Ching-Chiang Lin

Cheng-Hsieh Huang

Hsueh-Chiao Liu

Chih-Po Chiang

View Times: 636

Update Date: 27 Oct 2020

Table of Contents

Video Upload Options

Confirm

1. Introduction

2. Specifics

References