Nanopriming, a technique that involves treating seeds with nanoparticles, is gaining attention for enhancing seed germination and seedling growth. This study explored the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), synthesized using Ascorbic acid, Caffeic acid, and Gallic acid, on cucumber seedling development. The nanoparticles, characterized by spherical morphology and distinct optical properties, showed varying effects based on the type and concentration of the reducing agents used. AgNP treatments generally led to higher germination rates and improved shoot and root growth compared to controls. Biochemical analyses revealed that these treatments influenced plant physiology, affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress markers, and the content of amino acids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and soluble sugars. Specifically, certain AgNP treatments reduced oxidative stress, while others increased oxidative damage. Additionally, variations in free amino acids and phenolic and flavonoid contents were noted, suggesting complex interactions between nanoparticles and plant biochemical pathways. These findings highlight the potential of nanopriming in agriculture and underscore the need for further research to optimize nanoparticle formulations for different plant species.