TGFB3 Gene

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1		Rui Liu	+ 392 word(s)	392	2020-12-15 08:12:18

This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tgfb3

Transforming growth factor beta 3: The TGFB3 gene provides instructions for producing a protein called transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFβ-3).

genes

1. Normal Function

The TGFB3 gene provides instructions for producing a protein called transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFβ-3). This protein is found throughout the body and is required for development before birth and throughout life. To carry out its functions, TGFβ-3 attaches (binds) to receptor proteins on the surface of cells. This binding triggers the transmission of signals within the cell, controlling various cellular activities. As part of a signaling pathway, called the TGF-β pathway, the TGFβ-3 protein helps control the growth and division (proliferation) of cells, the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions (differentiation), cell movement (motility), and controlled cell death (apoptosis). Because the TGFβ-3 protein keeps cells from growing and dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled way, it can suppress the formation of tumors.

The TGFβ-3 protein is especially abundant in tissues that develop into the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), and plays a key role in their development. The protein is also involved in the formation of blood vessels, regulation of bone growth, wound healing, and immune system function.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Loeys-Dietz syndrome

At least 11 mutations in the TGFB3 gene have been found to cause Loeys-Dietz syndrome type V. This disorder affects connective tissue, which gives structure and support to blood vessels, the skeleton, and many other parts of the body. Loeys-Dietz syndrome type V is characterized by blood vessel abnormalities, heart defects, and skeletal deformities. The TGFB3 gene mutations that cause this condition lead to the production of a TGFβ-3 protein with little or no function. As a result, the protein cannot bind to its receptors. Although the TGFβ-3 protein and its receptors are not bound, TGF-β pathway signaling occurs at an even greater intensity than normal. Researchers speculate that the activity of other proteins in this signaling pathway is increased to compensate for the reduction in TGFβ-3 activity; however, the exact mechanism responsible for the increase in signaling is unclear. The overactive signaling pathway disrupts development of connective tissue and various body systems and leads to the signs and symptoms of Loeys-Dietz syndrome type V.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

3. Other Names for This Gene

RNHF
TGF beta 3
TGF-beta3

References

Bertoli-Avella AM, Gillis E, Morisaki H, Verhagen JMA, de Graaf BM, van deBeek G, Gallo E, Kruithof BPT, Venselaar H, Myers LA, Laga S, Doyle AJ, Oswald G,van Cappellen GWA, Yamanaka I, van der Helm RM, Beverloo B, de Klein A, Pardo L, Lammens M, Evers C, Devriendt K, Dumoulein M, Timmermans J, Bruggenwirth HT,Verheijen F, Rodrigus I, Baynam G, Kempers M, Saenen J, Van Craenenbroeck EM,Minatoya K, Matsukawa R, Tsukube T, Kubo N, Hofstra R, Goumans MJ, Bekkers JA,Roos-Hesselink JW, van de Laar IMBH, Dietz HC, Van Laer L, Morisaki T, WesselsMW, Loeys BL. Mutations in a TGF-β ligand, TGFB3, cause syndromic aorticaneurysms and dissections. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Apr 7;65(13):1324-1336. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.01.040.
Matyas G, Naef P, Tollens M, Oexle K. De novo mutation of thelatency-associated peptide domain of TGFB3 in a patient with overgrowth andLoeys-Dietz syndrome features. Am J Med Genet A. 2014 Aug;164A(8):2141-3. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36593.
Rienhoff HY Jr, Yeo CY, Morissette R, Khrebtukova I, Melnick J, Luo S, Leng N,Kim YJ, Schroth G, Westwick J, Vogel H, McDonnell N, Hall JG, Whitman M. Amutation in TGFB3 associated with a syndrome of low muscle mass, growthretardation, distal arthrogryposis and clinical features overlapping with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2013 Aug;161A(8):2040-6. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36056.

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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity

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Rui Liu

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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus

Update Date: 25 Dec 2020

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