Summary

Gastrointestinal disease is a very common and frequently occurring disease, with a wide range of types and a total incidence of about 20% of the population. The cause of gastrointestinal disease is the imbalance between the protective mechanism and the injury mechanism of the human body. While traditional medicine kills harmful bacteria in the stomach, it also kills the beneficial bacteria necessary for the stomach. Although the symptoms are alleviated and inflammation is eliminated, the reduction of beneficial bacteria reduces the gastrointestinal immunity. Once the drug is stopped, it is easy to re-infect. There are many reasons for stomach problems, including genetics, environment, diet, drugs, bacterial infections, etc., as well as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. This collection of entries aims to collect various items related to the topic of gastrointestinal diseases, such as clinical care, case cases, disease research, etc., to help people increase their knowledge and understanding of this common disease

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Entries
Topic Review
Natural Coumarin Derivatives Used for Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Coumarin derivatives modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and displaying simultaneous intestinal anti-inflammatory activities, effects potentially useful in the management of intestinal inflammatory processes. Coumarin derivatives modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and displaying intestinal anti-inflammatory activity include simple coumarins, linear and angular furanocoumarins from plant origin, and coumarin derivatives produced by the fermentative process performed by gut microbiota on the plant-derived products commonly used in human feeding.
  • 280
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Intrahepatic Lymphatic System in Liver Cancer Prognosis
The prognostic impact of intrahepatic lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) in liver cancer has rarely been reported. Researchers sought to clarify the prognostic impact of intrahepatic lymphatic system involvement in liver cancer. Tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis reportedly correlates with prognosis after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection. A meta-analysis showed that overall survival was poorer in patients with positive LVI than with negative LVI after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and colorectal liver metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis was also reported to predict unfavorable prognosis in ICC. A few reports showed correlations between LVI/lymphangiogenesis and LNM in liver cancer. LVI and lymphangiogenesis showed worse prognostic impacts for liver cancer than their absence, but further study is needed.
  • 377
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Computer-Aided Polyp Detection
Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to medicine is here to stay. In gastroenterology, AI computer vision applications have been stated as a research priority. The two main AI system categories are computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) and computer-assisted diagnosis (CADx). CADe can detect previously unrecognized lesions and serve as “a second set of eyes” by continuously monitoring mechanisms. Furthermore, these systems may help to reduce in-day variations in ADRs due to operator fatigue.
  • 423
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Fecal Markers of Inflammation in Pediatric Patients
Laboratory tests are an integral part of both the diagnostic and follow-up algorithm of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Their advantages over other non-invasive methods for assessing disease activity are greater objectivity than clinical activity indices and imaging studie.
  • 435
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Intestinal Microbiota and miRNA in IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and comprises a chronic gastrointestinal tract disorder characterized by hyperactive and dysregulated immune responses to environmental factors, including gut microbiota and dietary components.
  • 325
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Rectal Cancer after Prostate Radiation
Radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer, but it is a carcinogen itself. Long-term survivors of prostate cancer who were treated with pelvic radiotherapy have been reported to be at increased risk for developing rectal cancer compared to those treated with surgery. The molecular features of radiation-associated rectal cancer have not been fully investigated, and survival is lower compared to non-irradiated rectal cancer patients. Ultimately, it is unclear whether the worse outcomes are related to differences in patient characteristics, treatment-related factors, or tumor biology. 
  • 321
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Gut-On-Chip Systems
New mechanistic models, such as organ-on-a-chip provide a more accurate representation of human physiology and could help bridge the gap between clinical and pre-clinical studies. Gut-on-chip models allow researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of disease and the effect of different microbial compositions on the gut. They can help to move the field from correlation to causation and accelerate the development of new treatments for diseases associated with changes in the gut microbiome. Here the main properties of these systems to study host-microbial interactions were discussed.
  • 349
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gastric Cancer
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) naturally present in the stomach have been reported to carry a malignancy risk, but their effect in gastric cancer (GC) is still being researched. The pro- and antiangiogenic effects of MSCs derived from various sources complement their role in immune regulation and tissue regeneration and provide further understanding into the heterogeneous biology of GC, the aberrant morphology of tumor vasculature and the mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic drugs.
  • 352
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Colonoscopy in Intestinal Diseases
Colonoscopy is an examination of the colorectum and terminal ileum undertaken by inserting a scope with a camera device and flexible light source through the anus. In cases of infectious diseases, colonoscopy is helpful in making the differential diagnosis, revealing endoscopic gross findings, and obtaining the specimens for pathology. Additionally, colonoscopy provides clues for distinguishing between infectious disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and aids in the post-treatment monitoring of IBD.
  • 329
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogel Adhesives for Gastrointestinal Perforation
The gastrointestinal tract (GI) contains all the major organs of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and large intestine (cecum, colon, and rectum). It is essential for the transportation, digestion, and absorption of food. Hydrogel adhesives are emerging as an attractive alternative to sutures and staples for treating internal tissue wounds including wounds present in the GI tract. Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic, crosslinked polymer networks that absorb and retain large amounts of water to maintain a gel-like swollen state.
  • 473
  • 13 Apr 2023
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