Gastrointestinal Disease | Encyclopedia MDPI

Summary

Gastrointestinal disease is a very common and frequently occurring disease, with a wide range of types and a total incidence of about 20% of the population. The cause of gastrointestinal disease is the imbalance between the protective mechanism and the injury mechanism of the human body. While traditional medicine kills harmful bacteria in the stomach, it also kills the beneficial bacteria necessary for the stomach. Although the symptoms are alleviated and inflammation is eliminated, the reduction of beneficial bacteria reduces the gastrointestinal immunity. Once the drug is stopped, it is easy to re-infect. There are many reasons for stomach problems, including genetics, environment, diet, drugs, bacterial infections, etc., as well as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. This collection of entries aims to collect various items related to the topic of gastrointestinal diseases, such as clinical care, case cases, disease research, etc., to help people increase their knowledge and understanding of this common disease

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Entries

Topic Review

Non-Invasive Serological Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis

Liver fibrosis is a significant global health concern, leading to complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma if not diagnosed and managed effectively. Our study synthesizes recent advancements in the field, including serological test panels and imaging techniques, and discusses the limitations of current methods like liver biopsy. We believe that our findings could significantly contribute to the journal’s focus on liver diseases, offering valuable insights for both clinicians and researchers.

232
23 Dec 2024

Topic Review

Essentials of Cholecystitis Diagnosis

This comprehensive Q&A series dives into the key aspects of cholecystitis, from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management. Each question explores critical topics such as the differences between calculous and acalculous cholecystitis, the role of imaging and laboratory studies, and strategies for assessing and managing complications like common bile duct stones. Designed for healthcare professionals, this series provides actionable insights for diagnosing and treating gallbladder diseases effectively. Perfect for medical rounds, surgical planning, and exam preparation.

281
22 Nov 2024

Topic Review

Hidden World of Gut Microbiota

Metabolites generated from the gut microbiota play an essential role in the host’s health by regulating metabolic homeostasis. A disruption in this equilibrium can lead to the emergence of numerous illnesses and their etiology. Pesticides have been shown in a few recent studies to harm the host’s gut microbiome.

774
12 Mar 2024

Topic Review

Crises in Antimicrobial Stewardship

Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen that infects more than 100 million individuals in the United States. Antimicrobial therapy for H. pylori has typically been prescribed empirically rather than based on susceptibility testing.

719
06 Mar 2024

Topic Review

Cost-Effective Diagnostic Algorithm for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms

The increased detection of pancreatic cysts in recent years has triggered extensive diagnostic investigations to clarify their potential risk of malignancy, resulting in a large number of patients undergoing numerous imaging follow-up studies for many years. Therefore, there is a growing need for optimization of the current surveillance protocol to reduce both healthcare costs and waiting lists, while still maintaining appropriate sensibility and specificity. Imaging is an essential tool for evaluating patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) since it can assess several predictors for malignancy and thus guide further management recommendations. Although contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has been widely recommended by most international guidelines, recent results support the use of unenhanced abbreviated-MRI (A-MRI) protocols as a surveillance tool in patients with IPMN. In fact, A-MRI has shown high diagnostic performance in malignant detection, with high sensitivity and specificity as well as excellent interobserver agreement.

754
18 Mar 2024

Topic Review

Application in Small-Bowel Capsule Endoscopy

The role of capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy in managing various small-bowel pathologies is well-established. However, their broader application has been hampered mainly by their lengthy reading times. As a result, there is a growing interest in employing artificial intelligence (AI) in these diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, driven by the prospect of overcoming some major limitations and enhancing healthcare efficiency, while maintaining high accuracy levels.

917
04 Mar 2024

Topic Review

Minimally Invasive Capsule Panendoscopy

In the early 2000s, the introduction of single-camera wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) redefined small bowel study. Progress continued with the development of double-camera devices, first for the colon and rectum, and then, for panenteric assessment. Advancements continued with magnetic capsule endoscopy (MCE), particularly when assisted by a robotic arm, designed to enhance gastric evaluation.

879
04 Mar 2024

Topic Review

Gastric Cancer in the Molecular Era

Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Numerous molecular alterations have been identified in GC, leading to various molecular classifications, such as those developed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG).

753
29 Feb 2024

Topic Review

Diabetic Gastroparesis

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is a debilitating gastrointestinal disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying in individuals with diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 and long-standing type 2 diabetes. This condition, although not widely known, significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. The symptoms of DGP, including early satiety, excessive fullness after meals, loss of appetite, bloating, abdominal pain, and vomiting, stem from the slowed or stalled movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine.

875
28 Feb 2024

Topic Review

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, recently re-named metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease, is considered the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. Its molecular initiation events are multiple and not always well-defined, comprising insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of them acting on genetic and epigenetic grounds.

849
26 Jul 2024

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