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Biography
Macquorn Rankine
William John Macquorn Rankine FRSE FRS (/ˈræŋkɪn/; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on the first of the three thermodynamic laws. He developed the
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pneumococcal Infection
A pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is also called the pneumococcus. S. pneumoniae is a common member of the bacterial flora colonizing the nose and throat of 5–10% of healthy adults and 20–40% of healthy children. However, it is also a cause of significant disease, being a leading cause of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and sepsis. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2005 pneumococcal infections were responsible for the death of 1.6 million children worldwide.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Biography
Denis Le Bihan
Denis Le Bihan (born July 30, 1957) is a medical doctor, physicist, member of the Institut de France (French Academy of sciences),[1] member of the French Academy of Technologies and director since 2007 of NeuroSpin, an institution of the Atomic Energy and Alternative Energy Commission (CEA) in Saclay, dedicated to the study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a very high magne
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Biography
Charles H. Holbrow
Charles H. Holbrow (born September 23, 1935) is an American physicist. Charles Howard Holbrow was born in Melrose, Massachusetts to parents Frederick Holbrow and Florence Louisa (Gile) Holbrow.[1] His earliest memory of interest in physics dates from about age 13, when he saved the money he earned delivering newspapers to buy a book by Robert Andrews Millikan, Electrons (+And -) Protons Photo
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Dietary risk-benefit assessments
There is national and international growing concern on human health risk-benefit related to seafood exposure. The information derived from these studies is controversial, has brought about more questions than answers and the quest for irrefutable evidence is an on-going reality that can be perceived as a continuous process that demands a great deal of time, debate to select appropriate outcomes and most importantly solid experimental proof to reach a final agreement between the various bodies, a vital aspect for proposing rational approaches to risk-benefit assessment.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Biography
J. Virginia Lincoln
Jeannette Virginia Lincoln (September 7, 1915 – August 1, 2003) was an American physicist.[1] The daughter of Rush B. Lincoln, a major general in the US Air Force, and Jeannette Bartholomew Lincoln, a chemistry professor, she was born in Ames, Iowa. She studied at Dana Hall in Wellesley, Massachusetts and went on to earn a bachelor's degree in physics from Wellesley College. Furthermore she re
  • 1.0K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Robert Brattain
R. Robert Brattain (May 21, 1911 – November 17, 2002) was an American physicist at Shell Development Company. He was involved in a number of secret projects during World War II. He is recognized as one of America’s leading infrared spectroscopists for his work in designing several models of spectrophotometer, and for using the infrared spectrophotometer to determine the β-lactam structure o
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
Ed Lu
Edward Tsang "Ed" Lu (simplified Chinese: 卢杰; traditional Chinese: 盧傑; pinyin: Lú Jié; born July 1, 1963) is an American physicist and former NASA astronaut. He flew on two Space Shuttle flights, and made an extended stay aboard the International Space Station.[1] In 2007, Lu retired from NASA to become the program manager of Google's Advanced Projects Team.[2][3] In 2002, while still
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Biography
Karl U. Smith
Karl Ulrich Smith (born 1 May 1907 in Zanesville, Ohio, d. 22 June 1994 in Lake Wales, Florida) was an American physiologist, psychologist and behavioral cybernetician.[1] He dealt among others with the interaction between humans and technology and played a crucial role in the development of human factors which deals with the safe and humane or healthy design of products, work equipment and wor
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Merrill Brian Maple
Merrill Brian Maple (born November 20, 1939) is an American physicist. He is a Distinguished Professor of Physics and holds the Bernd T. Matthias Chair in the Physics Department at the University of California, San Diego, and conducts research at the university's Center for Advanced Nanoscience. He has also served as the director of UCSD's Institute for Pure and Applied Physical Sciences (1995-2
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Dec 2022
Biography
Carlos Osuna
Carlos Osuna (born November 22, 1970) is a Mexican computer programmer, software architect and entrepreneur best known as being one of the founders of Espacios Business Media during its inception days. He installed one of the first commercial Linux web hosting servers in Latin America, using Red Hat in 1997. He later left that company in 1998 to pursue other interests, joining Consiss,[1] an up
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Biography
Varun Grover
Varun Grover (born 1959) is an American Information systems researcher, who is the David D. Glass Endowed Chair and Distinguished Professor at the Walton School of Business, University of Arkansas. From 2002-17, he was the William S. Lee (Duke Energy) Distinguished Professor of Information Systems at Clemson University, where he taught doctoral seminars on methods and information systems.[1] He
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Numerical Abilities in Fish
Encoding of numerical information has been shown to provide several advantages to animal species, including those which are more evolutionary distant to humans, such as fish. Recently, we combined behavioral tasks with molecular biology assays (e.g c-fos and egr1 and other early genes expression) showing that the thalamus and the caudal region of dorso-central part of the telencephalon seem to be activated upon change in numerousness in visual stimuli. In contrast, the retina and the optic tectum mainly responded to changes in continuous magnitude such as stimulus size. 
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Compression of Genomic Re-Sequencing Data
High-throughput sequencing technologies have led to a dramatic decline of genome sequencing costs and to an astonishingly rapid accumulation of genomic data. These technologies are enabling ambitious genome sequencing endeavours, such as the 1000 Genomes Project and 1001 (Arabidopsis thaliana) Genomes Project. The storage and transfer of the tremendous amount of genomic data have become a mainstream problem, motivating the development of high-performance compression tools designed specifically for genomic data. A recent surge of interest in the development of novel algorithms and tools for storing and managing genomic re-sequencing data emphasizes the growing demand for efficient methods for genomic data compression.
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Biography
Joseph Dwyer
Joseph R. Dwyer (born 1963) is an American physicist known for his lightning research. He is a Professor of Physics at the University of New Hampshire. Dwyer received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Chicago in 1994 and worked on cosmic-ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy as a research scientist at Columbia University and the University of Maryland before joining the faculty at the Fl
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Ignace Robert Dautray
Ignace Robert Dautray, born Kouchelevitz on February 1, 1928 in the 10th arrondissement of Paris,[1] is a French engineer, former scientific director of the French Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and former High Commissioner for Atomic Energy. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences, section mechanical and computer sciences,[2] and of the French Academy of Technology.[3] Bor
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Biography
Georg Stetter
Georg Carl Stetter (23 December 1895 – 14 July 1988) was an Austrian-Germany nuclear physicist. Stetter was Director of the Second Physics Institute of the University of Vienna. He was a principal member of the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. In the latter years of World War II, he was also the Director of the Institute for Neutron Research. After the war, he wa
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Biography
James Charles Phillips
James Charles Phillips (born March 9, 1933) is an United States physicist and a member of the National Academy of Science (1978). Phillips invented the exact theory of the ionicity of chemical bonding in semiconductors, as well as new theories of compacted networks (including glasses, high temperature superconductors, and proteins). Phillips was born in New Orleans and grew up in several West
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogen Peroxide and Dental Environment
Hydrogen peroxide is an effective biocide in its gaseous (vaporized and aerosolized) form against viruses, spores, fungi, and bacteria. The vaporized solution of hydrogen peroxide, which is based on water, is activated by plasma and acts as an oxidizing and disinfecting agent when it settles and contacts the surfaces of all objects in the room.
  • 997
  • 12 May 2021
Topic Review
Stability Modelling of mRNA Vaccine Quality
The vaccine distribution chains in several low- and middle-income countries are not adequate to facilitate the rapid delivery of high volumes of thermosensitive COVID-19 mRNA vaccines at the required low and ultra-low temperatures. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are currently distributed along with temperature monitoring devices to track and identify deviations from predefined conditions throughout the distribution chain. These temperature readings can feed into computational models to quantify mRNA vaccine critical quality attributes (CQAs) and the remaining vaccine shelf life more accurately. Here, a kinetic modelling approach is proposed to quantify the stability-related CQAs and the remaining shelf life of mRNA vaccines. The CQA and shelf-life values can be computed based on the conditions under which the vaccines have been distributed from the manufacturing facilities via the distribution network to the vaccination centres.
  • 997
  • 28 Feb 2022
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