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Wigner Functions
Wigner functions are a distribution function on phase space that allow to represent the state of a quantum-mechanical system. They are in many ways similar to classical phase space probability distributions, but can, in contrast to these, be negative. A description of a quantum system in terms of Wigner functions is equivalent to the more widely used one in terms of density operators or wave functions, but has advantages in visualizing properties of a quantum state and in studying the quantum–classical transition.
  • 139
  • 15 Aug 2025
Topic Review
Understand Quantum Physics
At its core, quantum physics (also known as quantum mechanics) is the set of rules that governs the universe at the smallest possible scales—the level of atoms, electrons, photons, and other subatomic particles. It's a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at that scale, a realm where the classical physics of Isaac Newton no longer applies. The reason it seems so strange is that things in the quantum world behave in ways that are completely counterintuitive to our everyday experience. Classical physics works perfectly for describing how a ball flies through theair or how planets orbit the sun. But when you zoom way in, those familiar rules break down, replaced by a world of probabilities and paradoxes.
  • 125
  • 05 Sep 2025
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Quantum Computing: A Concise Introduction
Quantum computing is an emerging field in computing technology that harnesses the principles of quantum mechanics—including superposition, entanglement, and quantum tunneling—to process information in fundamentally new ways. While classical computers use bits that represent states of either 0 or 1, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits. Unlike classical bits, a qubit can exist in a superposition of the logical states 0 and 1 simultaneously. This property allows quantum-powered systems to perform certain complex computations much faster than classical computing systems. Quantum computing holds great potential to transform many sectors by enabling breakthroughs in quantum cryptography, information retrieval, optimization, and artificial intelligence. Through quantum algorithms such as Grover’s and Shor’s algorithms, quantum computers can significantly accelerate the speed of data searching and break encryption systems that would take classical computers billions of years to crack. While still in the relatively early stages of development, quantum computers hold considerable potential to shape our next generation of computing.
  • 106
  • 24 Oct 2025
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