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Topic Review
STN DBS under General Anesthesia
Bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Traditionally, STN DBS for PD is performed by using microelectrode recording (MER) and/or intraoperative macrostimulation under local anesthesia (LA). However, many patients cannot tolerate the long operation time under LA without medication. In addition, it cannot be even be performed on PD patients with poor physical and neurological condition. Recently, it has been reported that STN DBS under general anesthesia (GA) can be successfully performed due to the feasible MER under GA, as well as the technical advancement in direct targeting and intraoperative imaging.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Vincent's Disease
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset. The main features are painful, bleeding gums, and ulceration of inter-dental papillae (the sections of gum between adjacent teeth). This disease, along with necrotizing (ulcerative) periodontitis (NP or NUP) is classified as a necrotizing periodontal disease, one of the seven general types of gum disease caused by inflammation of the gums (periodontitis). The often severe gum pain that characterizes ANUG distinguishes it from the more common chronic periodontitis which is rarely painful. If ANUG is improperly treated or neglected, it may become chronic and/or recurrent. The causative organisms are mostly anaerobic bacteria, particularly Fusobacteriota and spirochete species. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, poor nutrition, psychological stress, and a weakened immune system. When the attachments of the teeth to the bone are involved, the term NUP is used. Treatment of ANUG is by removal of dead gum tissue and antibiotics (usually metronidazole) in the acute phase, and improving oral hygiene to prevent recurrence. Although the condition has a rapid onset and is debilitating, it usually resolves quickly and does no serious harm. The informal name trench mouth arose during World War I as many soldiers developed the disease, probably because of the poor conditions and extreme psychological stress.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ion Exchange Membranes by NMR
An ion-exchange membrane lets pass certain ions while blocking other ions or neutral molecules. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique for determining the content, purity, and molecular structure of a sample. NMR methods provide the unique possibility of acquiring detailed information on the state of molecules and ions, the local molecular and ionic mobility, and the diffusion on the spatial scale from several tenths of nanometer to several millimeters.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Jun 2021
Biography
J. W. Dunne
John William Dunne FRAeS (2 December 1875 – 24 August 1949) was a British soldier, aeronautical engineer and philosopher. As a young man he fought in the Second Boer War, before becoming a pioneering aeroplane designer in the early years of the 20th century. Dunne worked on automatically stable aircraft, many of which were of tailless swept wing design, to achieve the first certified stable ai
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Biography
Jean-Louis Le Moigne
Jean-Louis Le Moigne (French: [mwaɲ]; born 22 March 1931) is a French specialist on systems theory and constructivist epistemology. He is an alumnus from École Centrale Paris. Jean-Louis Le Moigne was born on 22 March 1931 in Casablanca, French Morocco. He is married to Maguy Le Moigne, and they have 3 children. ECP (École centrale Paris) Engineer (1955). Diplomas from ITP Harvard Busi
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Dec 2022
Biography
Richard E. Berendzen
Richard Earl Berendzen (born September 6, 1932) is an United States scientist. As president of American University in the 1980s, Berendzen drastically raised the prestige of the university through a relentless public campaign. Before he was forced to resign in disgrace in the 1990s, American University saw a fourfold increase in its endowment and the Board of Trustees became the wealthiest in th
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Dec 2022
Biography
David Haussler
David Haussler (born 1953) is an American bioinformatician known for his work leading the team that assembled the first human genome sequence in the race to complete the Human Genome Project and subsequently for comparative genome analysis that deepens understanding the molecular function and evolution of the genome.[1][2] He is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, professor of biomol
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Biography
Swami Purnachaitanya
Swami Purnachaitanya (Svāmī Pūrṇacaitanya), born as Freek Alexander Luthra on 26 October 1984, is a Dutch life coach and public speaker. He works at the Art of Living Foundation in Bangalore, India, teaching yoga around India and abroad,[1] and working on rural development and educational projects run by the foundation in the North-Eastern Region of India. He is a member of the Art of Livi
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Biography
Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky
Wolfgang Kurt Hermann "Pief" Panofsky (April 24, 1919 – September 24, 2007), was a German-American physicist who won many awards including the National Medal of Science. Panofsky was born in Berlin, Germany to a family of art historians Dorothea and Erwin Panofsky. His ancestors were of Jewish descent. He spent much of his early life in Hamburg, where his father was a Professor of Art Histo
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Biography
Frederick Seitz
Frederick Seitz (July 4, 1911 – March 2, 2008) was an American physicist and a pioneer of solid state physics. Seitz was the 4th president of Rockefeller University from 1968–1978, and the 17th president of the United States National Academy of Sciences from 1962–1969. Seitz was the recipient of the National Medal of Science, NASA's Distinguished Public Service Award, and other honors. He
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Biography
Robert B. Leighton
Robert Benjamin Leighton (/ˈleɪtən/; September 10, 1919 – March 9, 1997) was a prominent United States experimental physicist who spent his professional career at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).[1] His work over the years spanned solid state physics, cosmic ray physics, the beginnings of modern particle physics, solar physics, the planets, infrared astronomy, and millimete
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Biography
Sergiu P. Pașca
Sergiu P. Pașca (born January 30, 1982) is a Romanian-born physician and scientist at Stanford University in California, USA. Pașca is a faculty in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, a neuroscientist and stem cell biologist and currently a NYSCF Robertson Investigator. He is part of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford Bio-X and a fellow of t
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Co-operation (Evolution)
In evolution, co-operation is the process where groups of organisms work or act together for common or mutual benefits. It is commonly defined as any adaptation that has evolved, at least in part, to increase the reproductive success of the actor's social partners. For example, territorial choruses by male lions discourage intruders and are likely to benefit all contributors. This process contrasts with intragroup competition where individuals work against each other for selfish reasons. Cooperation exists not only in humans but in other animals as well. The diversity of taxa that exhibits cooperation is quite large, ranging from zebra herds to pied babblers to African elephants. Many animal and plant species cooperate with both members of their own species and with members of other species.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Oct 2022
Biography
Lawrence N. Shaw
Lawrence N. Shaw (August 12, 1939 – August 19, 2017) was an American physicist, curator, artist and founder of Pi Day. Shaw worked at the San Francisco science museum The Exploratorium for 33 years, performing just about every function for the museum. He was a key member of the arts and technology community in the San Francisco Bay Area. Lawrence N. Shaw was born in Washington, D.C. on Aug
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Biography
Paul Sophus Epstein
Paul Sophus Epstein (Warsaw, then part of Imperial Russia, now Poland , March 20, 1883 – Pasadena, February 8, 1966) was a Russian-American mathematical physicist. He was known for his contributions to the development of quantum mechanics, part of a group that included Lorentz, Einstein, Minkowski, Thomson, Rutherford, Sommerfeld, Röntgen, von Laue, Bohr, de Broglie, Ehrenfest and Schwarzschi
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Erich Schumann
Erich Schumann (5 January 1898 – 25 April 1985) was a Germany physicist who specialized in acoustics and explosives, and had a penchant for music. He was a general officer in the army and a professor at the University of Berlin and the Technical University of Berlin. When Adolf Hitler came to power he joined the Nazi Party. During World War II, his positions in the Army Ordnance Office and the
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Biography
Firdaus Kharas
Firdaus Kharas (Fir-dose Kha-RASS) MA, LLD (hc), DHum (hc) is a social entrepreneur and media producer. He founded Chocolate Moose Media in 1995 to produce for-profit and not-for-profit content for film and television aimed at progressive behaviour change. Using media to achieve this goal is vital in today's world, according to Carleton University's Technology Innovation Management Review.[1] H
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Helmy Eltoukhy
Helmy Eltoukhy is an American scientist and entrepreneur, best known for his contributions to genomics, semiconductor DNA sequencing, and personalized medicine. The co-founder of startups Avantome and Guardant Health, Eltoukhy was named to Time (magazine) ’s inaugural 50 Most Influential People in Healthcare (2018) and Fortune’s 40 under 40 (2017). Acquired by Illumina in 2008, Avantome was founded to develop and commercialize semiconductor-based DNA sequencing, during the race for the $1,000 genome. Guardant Health was founded to pioneer non-invasive liquid biopsy approaches for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, personalized medicine treatment, and research.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pharmacology of Lactoferrin Formulations
Lactoferrin is an 80 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that exhibits multitask activities of interest in the pharmaceutical field for the design of products with therapeutic potential including nanoparticles, liposomes, among many others. Lactoferrin has been included in delivery systems to transport and protect drugs from enzymatic degradation in the intestine favoring the bioavailability for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Moreover, nanoparticles loaded with lactoferrin have been formulated as delivery system to transport drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, which cannot cross the blood-brain barrier to enter toward the central nervous system. Pharmaceutical products containing lactoferrin as either bioactive or on those products formulated with lactoferrin as carrier have been designed considering their interaction with receptors expressed in tissues as targets of drugs delivered via parenteral or mucosal administration. These lactoferrin preparations may be sustainable approaches that may contributed decreasing resistance of antimicrobials and enhancing the bioavailability of first-hand drugs for intestinal chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Lignans in Disorders Related to Oxidative Stress/Inflammation
Plant lignans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which makes them the research objects of potential use as therapeutic agents. They provide diverse naturally-occurring pharmacophores and are available for production by chemical synthesis. A large amount of accumulated data indicates that lignans of different structural groups are apt to demonstrate both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in many cases, simultaneously.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Jun 2022
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