Cyrus Chothia: History
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Basic Information

Cyrus Chothia
Name: Cyrus Chothia
(Feb 1949–Nov 2019）
Birth
Location: Cyrus Homi Chothia
Title: English biochemist
Affiliation: Unknown
Honor: Unknown

1. Introduction

Cyrus Homi Chothia (19 February 1942 – 26 November 2019)[1] FRS[2][3] was an English biochemist who was an emeritus scientist at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) at the University of Cambridge[4][5] and emeritus fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge.[2][6][7][8][9][10][11]

2. Education

Chothia was educated at Alleyn's School,[12] then went to study at Durham University graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1965.[1] Chothia then completed a Master of Science degree at Birkbeck College in 1967 and a PhD from University College London[13] under the supervision of Peter Pauling ({{{2}}}),[14] the son of Linus Pauling.

3. Research and Career

After his PhD Chothia worked in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) for three years. He then worked with Michael Levitt[15] at the Weizmann Institute of Science[16][17] followed by two years with Joel Janin at the Institut Pasteur in Paris.[18]

In 1976 Chothia returned to England to work at University College London and the LMB. With Arthur Lesk[19][20] he showed that proteins adapt to mutations by changes in structure.

In 1992 he proposed that most proteins are built of domains that come from a small number of families.[21] He collaborated with Alexey Murzin, Steven Brenner and Tim Hubbard to create the Structural Classification of Proteins database (SCOP),[22][23] a periodic table for all known protein structures. With Julian Gough[24] he created the Superfamily database[25] which uses Hidden Markov models to identify protein sequences that are related to those of known structures.

During his career, Chothia supervised 19 successful PhD students to completion[26] including Alex Bateman,[27] Steven E. Brenner,[28] Mark Bender Gerstein,[29] Julian Gough,[30] Sarah Teichmann,[31] Bissan Al-Lazikani,[32][33][34] Goga Apic,[35] Samantha Barré[36] Matthew Bashton,[37][38][39][40] Dan Bolser,[41] Michael Bremang,[42] Bernard de Bono,[43][44] Emma Ganley (née Hill),[45][46][47] Martin Madera,[48][49] Siarhei Maslau,[50] Susan Miller,[51][52][53] Jong Park (aka Jong Bhak),[54][55][56] Rajkumar Sasidharan,[57][58] and Christine Vogel.[59][60]

4. Awards and Honours

Chothia was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2000.[1] His certificate of election and candidature reads:

In 2015, Chothia was elected a Fellow of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB)[62] and was awarded the ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award in honour of his work in using computational methods to understand protein structure.[63][64]

Alongside David Haussler and Michael Waterman, Chothia was awarded the 2015 Dan David Prize for his contributions to the field of bioinformatics.[65]

The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biography:Cyrus_Chothia

Further Reading
In this part, we encourage you to list the link of papers wrote by the character, or published reviews/articles about his/her academic contributions.

References

  1. Anon (2014). "Chothia, Cyrus Homi". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.10866. https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U10866.  (subscription or UK public library membership required) (Subscription content?)
  2. "Wolfson College: Emeritus Fellow Dr Cyrus Chothia MA MSc FRS". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. https://www.webcitation.org/65igZNPzN?url=http://www.wolfson.cam.ac.uk/people/open/ef/2f623c. 
  3. "Cyrus Chothia (1942–2019)". https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/cyrus-chothia-1942-2019/. Retrieved 27 November 2019. 
  4. "Cyrus Chothia: The protein origins of biological complexity, LMB Emeritus". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. https://www.webcitation.org/65igDnvoU?url=http://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/group-leaders/emeritus-scientists/cyruschothia. 
  5. "Structural genomics and protein structure". Mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk. http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/tcb/chothia_research.html. Retrieved 24 June 2014. 
  6. {{DBLP}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.
  7. "cyrus chothia". Google Scholar. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=cyrus+chothia. Retrieved 24 June 2014. 
  8. Chothia, C.; Lesk, A. M.; Tramontano, A.; Levitt, M.; Smith-Gill, S. J.; Air, G.; Sheriff, S.; Padlan, E. A. et al. (1989). "Conformations of immunoglobulin hypervariable regions". Nature 342 (6252): 877–883. doi:10.1038/342877a0. PMID 2687698. Bibcode: 1989Natur.342..877C.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F342877a0
  9. Lewis, T. E.; Sillitoe, I; Andreeva, A; Blundell, T. L.; Buchan, D. W.; Chothia, C; Cozzetto, D; Dana, J. M. et al. (2015). "Genome3D: Exploiting structure to help users understand their sequences". Nucleic Acids Research 43 (Database issue): D382–6. doi:10.1093/nar/gku973. PMID 25348407.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4384030
  10. Chothia, C; Gough, J; Vogel, C; Teichmann, S. A. (2003). "Evolution of the protein repertoire". Science 300 (5626): 1701–3. doi:10.1126/science.1085371. PMID 12805536. Bibcode: 2003Sci...300.1701C. https://semanticscholar.org/paper/7276289918c649c3765df93d2a314f2ee50b9579. 
  11. Cyrus Chothia's publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (Subscription content?) https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=7006448943
  12. "Dan David Prize Awarded to Dr Cyrus Chothia". Alleyn's School. Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150323230600/http://www.alleyns.org.uk/page.aspx?id=1406. 
  13. Chothia, Cyrus (1973). The crystal structures of some molecules active at cholinergic nerve receptors. proquest.com (PhD thesis). University College London. http://search.proquest.com/docview/301370414/
  14. Chothia, C.; Pauling, P. (1969). "On the conformations of hallucinogenic molecules and their correlation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 63 (4): 1063–1070. doi:10.1073/pnas.63.4.1063. PMID 4311249. Bibcode: 1969PNAS...63.1063C.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=223427
  15. "Cyrus H. Chothia, Chemistry Tree". Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150227104343/http://academictree.org/chemistry/peopleinfo.php?pid=72249. 
  16. Chothia, C.; Levitt, M.; Richardson, D. (1977). "Structure of proteins: Packing of alpha-helices and pleated sheets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 (10): 4130–4134. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.10.4130. PMID 270659. Bibcode: 1977PNAS...74.4130C.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=431889
  17. Levitt, M.; Chothia, C. (1976). "Structural patterns in globular proteins". Nature 261 (5561): 552–558. doi:10.1038/261552a0. PMID 934293. Bibcode: 1976Natur.261..552L.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F261552a0
  18. Sweet, R.; Wright, H.; Janin, J.; Chothia, C.; Blow, D. (1974). "Crystal structure of the complex of porcine trypsin with soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) at 2.6-A resolution". Biochemistry 13 (20): 4212–4228. doi:10.1021/bi00717a024. PMID 4472048.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi00717a024
  19. Lesk, A.; Chothia, C. (1980). "How different amino acid sequences determine similar protein structures: The structure and evolutionary dynamics of the globins". Journal of Molecular Biology 136 (3): 225–270. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(80)90373-3. PMID 7373651.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2880%2990373-3
  20. Lesk, A.; Chothia, C. (1980). "Solvent accessibility, protein surfaces, and protein folding". Biophysical Journal 32 (1): 35–47. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(80)84914-9. PMID 7248454. Bibcode: 1980BpJ....32...35L.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1327253
  21. Chothia, Cyrus (1992). "One thousand families for the molecular biologist". Nature 357 (6379): 543–4. doi:10.1038/357543a0. PMID 1608464. Bibcode: 1992Natur.357..543C.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F357543a0
  22. "SCOP: A structural classification of proteins database". Nucleic Acids Research 25 (1): 236–239. 1997. doi:10.1093/nar/25.1.236. PMID 9016544.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=146380
  23. "UK government grants awarded to Cyrus Chothia". Research Councils UK. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141015061418/http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/63EF1EB9-4FB1-4759-8592-FD68CDBD168D. 
  24. error
  25. Gough, J.; Chothia, C. (2002). "SUPERFAMILY: HMMs representing all proteins of known structure. SCOP sequence searches, alignments and genome assignments". Nucleic Acids Research 30 (1): 268–272. doi:10.1093/nar/30.1.268. PMID 11752312.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=99153
  26. Alex Bateman (2015). "Cyrus Chothia's academic family tree". twitter. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150715093933/https://twitter.com/Alexbateman1/status/620860414675537920. 
  27. error
  28. error
  29. error
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  31. error
  32. Al-Lazikani, Bissan (1999). Canonical structures of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624098
  33. "Dr Bissan Al-Lazikani Team leader". The Institute of Cancer Research. Archived from the original on 5 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150305201555/http://www.icr.ac.uk/our-research/researchers-and-teams/dr-bissan-al-lazikani. 
  34. Al-Lazikani, B; Lesk, A. M.; Chothia, C (2000). "Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions of T cell alphabeta receptors". Journal of Molecular Biology 295 (4): 979–95. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3358. PMID 10656805.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fjmbi.1999.3358
  35. Apic, Gordana (2003). Evolution of multidomain proteins in genomes. lib.cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 894594841. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.619919. http://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_ALMA21433441040003606&context=L&vid=44CAM_PROD&search_scope=SCOP_CAM_ALL&tab=cam_lib_coll&lang=en_US
  36. Barré, Samantha; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Flajnik, Martin F.; Chothia, Cyrus (1994). "Structural conservation of hypervariable regions in immunoglobulins evolution". Nature Structural Biology 1 (12): 915–920. doi:10.1038/nsb1294-915. ISSN 1072-8368. PMID 7773781.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnsb1294-915
  37. Bashton, Matthew (2004). Functional analysis of domain combinations (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616149
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  39. Bashton, M; Chothia, C (2002). "The geometry of domain combination in proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology 315 (4): 927–39. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5288. PMID 11812158.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fjmbi.2001.5288
  40. Bashton, M; Chothia, C (2007). "The generation of new protein functions by the combination of domains". Structure 15 (1): 85–99. doi:10.1016/j.str.2006.11.009. PMID 17223535.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.str.2006.11.009
  41. Bolser, Daniel Murray (2007). The surfaces involved in the formation of protein complexes (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612938
  42. Bremang, Michael Anthony (2012). The mouse protein repertoire : studies on alternative splicing, function and quality (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610626
  43. de Bono, Bernard (2004). Immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in human and mouse (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598443
  44. de Bono, B. (2003). "Exegesis: a procedure to improve gene predictions and its use to find immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in the human and mouse genomes". Nucleic Acids Research 31 (21): 6096–6103. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg828. ISSN 1362-4962. PMID 14576296.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=275470
  45. Hill, Emma Elizabeth (2002). Evolution of protein families: genome sequences and three dimensional structures (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=23724
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  47. "Emma Ganley (née Hill) PLOS staff". PLOS. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150424211743/https://www.plos.org/staff/emma-ganley/. 
  48. Madera, Martin (2005). Hidden Markov models for detection of remote homology (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615112
  49. Madera, M. (2004). "The SUPERFAMILY database in 2004: additions and improvements". Nucleic Acids Research 32 (90001): 235D–239. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh117. ISSN 1362-4962. PMID 14681402.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=308851
  50. Maslau, Siarhei (2007). Formation of the small molecule metabolism of Escherichia coli (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613391
  51. Miller, G. S. P. (1987). Computer display and manufacture of 3-D models (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 59769936. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235044
  52. Miller, Susan; Janin, Joël; Lesk, Arthur M.; Chothia, Cyrus (1987). "Interior and surface of monomeric proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology 196 (3): 641–656. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(87)90038-6. ISSN 0022-2836. PMID 3681970.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2887%2990038-6
  53. Miller, Susan; Lesk, Arthur M.; Janin, Joël; Chothia, Cyrus (1987). "The accessible surface area and stability of oligomeric proteins". Nature 328 (6133): 834–836. doi:10.1038/328834a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 3627230. Bibcode: 1987Natur.328..834M.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F328834a0
  54. Park, Jong Hwa (1997). Genome sequence analysis and methods (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627329
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  57. Sasidharan, Rajkumar (2004). Protein evolution : the selection of acceptable mutations (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616044
  58. Sasidharan, R.; Chothia, C. (2007). "The selection of acceptable protein mutations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (24): 10080–10085. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703737104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 17540730. Bibcode: 2007PNAS..10410080S.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1891269
  59. Vogel, Christine (2004). A domain perspective on the evolution of the protein repertoire (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616272
  60. Vogel, Christine; Chothia, Cyrus (2006). "Protein Family Expansions and Biological Complexity". PLoS Computational Biology 2 (5): e48. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0020048. ISSN 1553-734X. PMID 16733546. Bibcode: 2006PLSCB...2...48V.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1464810
  61. "EC/2000/04: Chothia, Cyrus". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. https://www.webcitation.org/6bCYccQZx?url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=%28RefNo%3D%3D%27EC%2F2000%2F04%27%29. Retrieved 18 November 2013. 
  62. Fogg, C. N.; Kovats, D. E. (2015). "Message from the ISCB: 2015 ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award: Cyrus Chothia". Bioinformatics 31 (13): 2238–9. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv218. PMID 26002905.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbtv218
  63. error
  64. "Meet the ISCB Fellows Class of 2015". Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150220233807/http://www.iscb.org/iscb-news-items/2392-2015feb20-meet-the-iscb-fellows-class-of-2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015. 
  65. error
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