MXenes are synthesized from ‘MAX’ phases by the selective etching of ‘A’ layers. The MAX phases are conductive 2D layers of transition metal carbides/nitrides interconnected by the ‘A’ element with strong ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds.
MXene-Based Drug Carrier | Stimuli for Drug Release | Drug | Advantages | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti3C2Tx-SP | pH, NIR | Doxorubicin | High drug-loading capability of 211.8%. | [47] |
Ti3C2Tx-CoNWs | pH, NIR | Doxorubicin | High drug-loading capacity of 225.05%. | [49] |
Ti3C2Tx@GNRs/PDA/Ti3C2Tx | NIR | Doxorubicin | 95.88% drug-loading ability. | [50] |
Ti3C2Tx/Polyacrylamide | pH | Chloramphenicol | Ti3C2Tx/Polyacrylamide hydrogels exhibited a high drug-loading of 97.5–127.7 mg/g and drug release percentages of 62.1–81.4%. | [53] |
HAP/CS/HA/MXene/AuNRs | pH, NIR | Doxorubicin | Drug encapsulation efficiency of 83.9% | [54] |
Polymer-coated MXene nanobelt fibers | NIR | Vitamin E | NIR-induced relaxation of the interface by the polymeric coating layer to dissolve and release Vitamin E. | [55] |
Ti3C2Tx@Agarose hydrogel | NIR | Doxorubicin | The DOX-loaded MXene-hydrogel exhibited rapid DOX release under NIR the irradiation, while almost no DOX release when NIR was turned off, proving an NIR switch for controlled drug release. | [56] |
MXene@Agarose | NIR | HGF | Flexible and controllable release of the protein drugs with high precision. | [57] |
MXenes-FA-SP | pH | Doxorubicin | Drug-loading capacity of 69.9% and 48 h long drug release time. | [58] |
Ti3C2Tx@Met@CP | pH, NIR | Metformin | The functionalized Ti3C2Tx nanosheets in the composite exhibited effective singlet oxygen generation, strong NIR absorption, and high photothermal conversion efficiency of ~59.6%. | [59] |
Ti2N@oSi | NIR | Doxorubicin | Ultrahigh drug-loading capacity of 796.3%. | [60] |
MXene@MOF-5@DOX | pH | Doxorubicin/pCRISPR | Achieved a drug payload of 35.7%. | [61] |
MXene/Composite | Antimicrobial Applications | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Ti3C2Tx | Antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis with 98% viability loss within 4 h. | [62] |
Colloidal Ti3C2Tx | Antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. | [63] |
Ti3C2Tx | Antibacterial activity against E. coli. | [65] |
Ti3C2Tx | Photocatalytic inactivation of airborne E. coli. | [69] |
Bi2S3/Ti3C2Tx | Photoexcited antimicrobial effects on S. aureus and E. coli. | [70] |
Ti3C2Tz/Chitosan | Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. | [71] |
Nb2CTx and Nb4C3Tx | Bactericidal property against E. coli and S. aureus. | [72] |
Cu2O/Ti3C2Tx | Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | [73] |
Ti3C2Tx-AuNCs | Antibacterial performance on S. aureus and E. coli. | [74] |
MoS2/Ti3C2Tx | Antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis. | [75] |
Ti3C2Tx-Laden bacteriophage | Antibacterial activity against Shigella. | [76] |
Ag/Ti3C2Tx | Inhibitory activity against E. coli and S. aureus. | [77] |
TiVCTX | Antibacterial activities against E. coli, photothermal sterilization effect on E. coli and B. subtilis. | [78] |
CuP-sTi3C2Tx | Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. | [79] |
Ti3C2Tx | Size-dependent photothermal antibacterial activity against S. aureus. | [80] |
Ti3C2Tx/PVA hydrogel | Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. | [81] |
V2C NSs | Antibacterial activity against E. coli, and B. subtilis. | [82] |
BC/Chi/Ti3C2Tx/AgNWs aerogel | Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. | [83] |
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/bios12070454