Ni-Based Bimetallic Catalysts: History
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Subjects: Chemistry, Applied
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Metallic Ni shows high activity for a variety of hydrogenation reactions due to its intrinsically high capability for H2 activation, but it suffers from low chemoselectivity for target products when two or more reactive functional groups are present on one molecule. Modification by other metals changes the geometric and electronic structures of the monometallic Ni catalyst, providing an opportunity to design Ni-based bimetallic catalysts with improved activity, chemoselectivity, and durability.

  • Ni-based bimetallic catalysts

1. Introduction

Catalysis has emerged as an important branch of energy and sustainability research because it allows for chemical transformations to be carried out at relatively low temperatures while minimizing or avoiding the formation of byproducts [1,2]. Catalysts can be broadly classified into two groups: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts have some advantages over heterogeneous catalysts, such as the possibility of carrying out a reaction under relatively mild conditions, higher activity and selectivity, ease of spectroscopic monitoring, and controlled and tunable reaction sites [3]. The main drawback of homogeneous catalysts is the difficulty in separating them from the products after completion of the reaction [4]. Heterogeneous catalysts can overcome this drawback [4]. To date, heterogeneous catalysts based on transition metals have been found to be effective in a number of processes. In particular, hydrogenation is of great importance in petroleum refining and processing and in the manufacture of fine and bulk chemicals [5]. Although most catalytic hydrogenations today rely on precious metals such as Pd and Pt, the high cost and low availability of these metals have caused scientific interest to shift from such precious metals to nonprecious metals for hydrogenation catalysts [6]. Earth-abundant first-row transition metals such as Fe, Co, and Ni have received much more attention due to their specific advantages, such as high abundance on earth, low price, low or no toxicity, and unique catalytic properties [7]. Ni has a long history in the field of catalysis, and its first application for hydrogenation led P. Sabatier to earn the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1912 [8]. Therefore, Ni is a fascinating alternative to precious metals such as Pd and Pt. However, the chemoselective hydrogenation of a target functional group in the presence of other reactive functional groups in a molecule is difficult to achieve because most transition metal catalysts cannot recognize and preferentially interact with the target group [9]. For this reason, great efforts have been made to seek heterogeneous Ni-based catalysts with high activity for chemoselective hydrogenation reactions.

This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/eng3010006

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