We aim to review and analyze the available data from the literature on the value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) in HCM.
Author, Year | n | Age (Years) | %W | CPETMaterial | CPET Intensity | Drug Therapy | Extracardiac Variables | Cardiac Variables Measured | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Added | Lapse | LVOT | MR | PCWP | ABPRE | Events | |||||||
Abozguia, 2010 [14] | 56 | 52 ± 11 | 29 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not controlled | - | Out | - | - | - | - |
Aljaroudi, 2012 [15] | 495 | 50 ± 15 | 32 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Disc. (12 h) | DM, HL | BL | BL | - | - | Out |
Arena, 2008 [16] | 83 | 38 ± 10 | 39 | Upright CE | 15 W | 15 W | 1′ | Continued | - | Out | Out | BL, Ex | - | - |
Austin, 2010 [17] | 50 | 44 ± 13 | 38 | Treadmill | - | - | - | Continued | - | BL, Ex | BL | - | Ex | - |
Axelsson, 2016 [18] | 130 | 52 ± 13 | 35 | Upright CE | 25 W | 25 W | 2′ | Continued | - | BL | - | - | - | BL |
Azarbal, 2014 [19] | 265 | 52 ± 15 | 39 | Treadmill | 2 mph | - | - | Continued | DM, HL | BL | BL | - | Ex | - |
Binder, 2007 [20] | 217 | 56 ± 16 | 41 | - | - | - | - | Not registered | Creatinine | BL | BL | - | - | - |
Bonow, 1985 [21] | 70 | 47 | 47 | Treadmill | 2 mph | 2.5% | 2′ | Administered | - | BL | - | - | - | Ex |
Briguori, 1999 [22] | 52 | 41 | 29 | Upright CE | 60 rpm | 1 W | 3″ | Disc. (5H-L) | - | BL | BL | - | Ex | Ex |
Briguori, 2001 [23] | 44 | 40 ± 15 | 27 | (?) CE | 60 rpm | 1 W | 3″ | Disc. (5H-L) | Blood analysis | BL | BL | - | - | Ex |
Chan, 1990 [24] | 13 | 42 ± 14 | 38 | Upright CE | 28 W | 22 W | 3′ | Administered | - | BL | - | BL | - | Out |
Chikamori, 1992 [25] | 81 | 41 | 46 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Disc. (?) | - | BL | Out | - | Out | Out |
Choi, 2008 [26] | 32 | 55 ± 11 | 19 | Supine CE | 25 W | 25 W | 3′ | Disc. (?) | Creatinine, HL | BL | Out | - | - | - |
Ciampi, 2007 [27] | 22 | 36 ± 13 | 23 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Disc. (5H-L) | - | BL | - | - | Ex | Ex |
Coats, 2014 [28] | 1898 | 47 ± 15 | 33 | Upright CE | 0 W | 10–30W | 1′ | Continued | - | BL | BL | - | Ex | Ex |
D’Andrea, 2017 [29] | 45 | 38 ± 15 | 22 | Supine CE | - | 25 W | 2′ | No drugs used | - | BL | - | BL, Ex | - | - |
de la Morena, 2003 [30] | 98 | 44 ± 15 | 28 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Disc. (48 h) | - | BL | BL | - | Ex | Ex |
de la Morena, 2013 [31] | 87 | 54 ± 13 | 33 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not controlled | - | BL, Ex | BL, Ex | - | Ex | Ex |
Desai, 2014 [32] | 426 | 44 ± 14 | 22 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Continued | DM | BL, Ex | BL, Ex | - | Ex | Ex |
Dimitrow, 1996 [33] | 10 | 37 ± 7 | - | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Administered | DM, HL | BL | - | - | - | - |
Dumont, 2007 [34] | 64 | 51 ± 14 | 33 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Disc. (72 h) | - | BL | - | - | Ex | BL |
Efthimiadis, 2011 [35] | 68 | 45 ± 15 | 34 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not controlled | - | BL | - | - | Ex | BL |
Ferguson, 2016 [36] | 22 | 14 ± 3 | 44 | Upright CE | 25 W | 25 W | 3′ | Continued | - | BL, Ex | - | - | - | - |
Finocchiaro, 2015 [37] | 156 | 51 ± 14 | 38 | Treadmill | - | - | - | Continued | - | BL | BL | - | - | - |
Frenneaux, 1989 [38] | 23 | 30 | 39 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Continued | - | BL | Out | BL, Ex | - | BL |
Ghiselli, 2019 [39] | 292 | 46 ± 16 | 28 | Semisup CE | - | 25 W | 2′ | Continued | DM | BL, Ex | BL, Ex | - | Ex | BL, Ex |
Ha, 2005 [40] | 29 | 57 ± 10 | 16 | Supine CE | 25 W | 25 W | 3′ | Disc. (?) | DM | - | - | - | - | - |
Hernández, 2015 [41] | 40 | 55 ± 12 | 36 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not registered | DM | BL | - | - | - | - |
Jones, 1998 [42] | 50 | 35 ± 14 | 30 | Upright CE | 0 W | 5–15 W | 1′ | Disc. (48 h) | - | BL | - | - | Out | Ex |
Kim, 2004 [43] | 21 | 49 ± 15 | 43 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Administered | - | BL | - | - | - | - |
Kitaoka, 2009 [44] | 31 | 52 ± 17 | 35 | Upright CE | 0 W | 15 W | 1′ | Continued | - | BL | - | - | Ex | - |
Kjaergaard, 2005 [45] | 99 | 49 ± 15 | 34 | Treadmill | 2 mph | 2 M | 2′ | Continued | - | BL | BL | Out | - | - |
Konecny, 2015 [46] | 198 | 53 ± 16 | 38 | Treadmill | 2.5 M | 2,5 M | 2′ | Continued | DM, ∑skinfold | BL | BL | - | - | - |
Lafitte, 2013 [47] | 107 | 52 ± 15 | 33 | Semisup CE | - | - | - | Continued | - | BL, Ex | BL | - | - | Ex |
Larsen, 2018 [48] | 510 | 51 ± 15 | 36 | Treadmill | - | 2 M | 2′ | Disc. (?) | - | BL | BL | - | - | BL |
Le, 2009 [49] | 63 | 48 ± 15 | 28 | Treadmill | - | - | - | Continued | DM, HL | BL, Ex | BL, Ex | - | Ex | Ex |
Lele, 1995 [50] | 23 | 30 | 39 | SupC + Tread | 25 W | 12.5 W | 3′ | Discont. (120 h) | - | BL | BL | BL, Ex | Ex | BL, Ex |
Lösse, 1983 [51] | 122 | 42 ± 3 | - | Supine CE | - | - | - | Administered | - | BL, Ex | - | BL, Ex | Ex | - |
Luo, 2015 [52] | 273 | 50 ± 15 | 30 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not registered | - | BL, Ex | - | - | Ex | Ex |
Ma, 2014 [53] | 27 | 54 ± 12 | 42 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not registered | DM | BL, Out | BL, Out | - | - | - |
Magri, 2014 [54] | 180 | 47 ± 16 | 25 | Upright CE | 0 W | - | - | Continued | - | BL | - | - | - | - |
Magri, 2016 [55] | 683 | 49 ± 16 | 31 | Supine CE | - | - | - | Continued | DM | BL | - | - | Ex | Ex |
Magri, 2018 [56] | 767 | 48 ± 16 | 32 | (?) CE | 0 W | 5–15 W | - | Not controlled | - | BL | - | - | Ex | BL, Ex |
Malek, 2009 [57] | 13 | - | - | Treadmill | - | - | - | Not registered | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Matsumoto, 2005 [58] | 27 | 35 | 33 | Treadmill | - | 0.5% | 1′ | Continued | - | BL, Out | BL | - | - | - |
Matsumura, 2002 [59] | 85 | 38 ± 14 | 34 | Upright CE | 0 W | 5–15 W | 1′ | Disc. (5H-L) | - | BL | Out | - | - | - |
Menon, 2008 [60] | 88 | 14 | 25 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not registered | - | BL | BL | - | - | - |
Miki, 1990 [61] | 22 | 47 ± 15 | 18 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Disc. (120 h) | - | - | - | BL, Ex | - | - |
Mizukoshi, 2013 [62] | 33 | 59 ± 16 | 27 | Semisup CE | 20 W | 1–2 W | 6″ | Continued | - | Out | - | - | - | Ex |
Moneghetti, 2017 [63] | 131 | 52 ± 13 | 37 | Treadmill | - | - | - | Not controlled | - | BL | BL | - | Ex | BL |
Nihoyannopoulos, 1992 [64] | 40 | 41 | 45 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Continued | - | BL | BL | - | - | - |
Nistri, 2010 [65] | 74 | 45 ± 16 | 28 | Upright CE | - | 25 W | 2′ | Disc. (5H-L) | - | BL, Ex | BL | - | - | Ex |
Payá, 2008 [66] | 120 | 47 ± 16 | 30 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not registered | - | BL | - | - | Ex | BL |
Peteiro, 2012 [67] | 239 | 52 ± 15 | 39 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Continued | DM, HL | BL, Ex | BL, Ex | - | Ex | BL, Ex |
Pozios, 2018 [68] | 95 | 49 ± 16 | 31 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Continued | DM, HL | BL, Ex | - | - | - | Ex |
Re, 2017 [69] | 197 | 45 ± 15 | 35 | Upright CE | - | 10W | 1′ | Disc. (72 h) | - | BL, Ex | BL | - | Ex | Out |
Romero, 2008 [70] | 98 | 46 ± 15 | 29 | Treadmill | 2.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not registered | - | BL | - | - | Ex | BL |
Rosing, 1979 [71] | 27 | 44 ± 3 | 41 | Treadmill | 2 mph | 2.5% | 2′ | Administered | - | BL | - | BL | - | - |
Sachdev, 2005 [72] | 43 | 36 ± 10 | 40 | Upright CE | - | 15 W | - | Not registered | - | Out | BL | BL, Ex | - | - |
Saura, 2009 [73] | 75 | 46 ± 14 | 25 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Disc. (48 h) | DM | BL | - | - | Ex | BL |
Shah, 2019 [74] | 9 | 29 ± 8 | 0 | Upright CE | 0 W | 20 W | 1′ | Continued | Blood analysis | Out | - | - | - | Ex |
Shizukuda, 2005 [75] | 49 | 36 ± 10 | 41 | Upright CE | - | 5 W | - | Not registered | - | Out | - | BL, Ex | - | - |
Smith, 2018 [76] | 589 | 51 ± 14 | 39 | Treadmill | - | - | - | Continued | - | BL | - | - | - | - |
Smith, 2018 [77] | 1177 | 53 ± 14 | 43 | Treadmill | - | 2 M | 2′ | Continued | DM, HL, Hb | BL | - | - | Ex | - |
Thaman, 2006 [78] | 171 | 46 ± 18 | 63 | Upright CE | - | 10–25W | 1′ | Continued | - | BL | - | - | - | BL |
Wu, 2019 [79] | 67 | 53 ± 11 | 12 | Semisup CE | 25 W | 25 W | 2′ | Disc. (24 h) | - | Out | - | - | - | - |
Wu, 2019 [80] | 88 | 52 ± 12 | 14 | Semisup CE | 25 W | 25 W | 2′ | Disc. (24 h) | - | BL | - | - | - | - |
Wu, 2019 [81] | 76 | 48 ± 12 | 20 | Semisup CE | 25 W | 25 W | 2′ | Disc. (24 h) | - | BL, Ex | - | Ex | Ex | - |
Yetman, 2001 [82] | 17 | 12 ± 3 | 30 | Treadmill | 4.7 M | 2–3 M | 3′ | Not controlled | - | BL, Ex | BL | - | - | - |
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/jcm10112312