Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser = A. tatarinowii Schott (Acoraceae) |
EO: asaraldehyde, 1-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol, α-asarone, β-asarone, γ-asarone, acotatarone C |
C. albicans |
51.2 |
50–200 |
Mature biofilm; crystal violet and fluorescence microscopy |
[27] |
Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae) |
Extract: allicin |
C. albicans |
400 |
60 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[28] |
Aloysia gratissima (Aff & Hook).Tr (Verbenaceae) |
EO: E-pinocamphone (16.07%), β-pinene (12.01%), guaiol (8.53%), E-pinocarveol acetate (8.19%) |
C. albicans |
15 |
500 |
Biofilm formation; crystal violet |
[29] |
Artemisia judaica L. (Asteraceae) |
EO: piperitone (30.4%), camphor (16.1%), ethyl cinnamate (11.0%), chrysanthenone (6.7%) |
C. albicans |
1.25 |
2.5 |
Mature biofilm; XTT |
[24] |
C. guillermondii |
1.25 |
2.5 |
C. krusei |
1.25 |
2.5 |
C. parapsilosis |
1.25 |
2.5 |
C. tropicalis |
1.25 |
2.5 |
Buchenavia tomentosa Eichler (Combretaceae) |
Extract: gallic acid, kaempferol, epicatechin, ellagic acid, vitexin, and corilagin |
C. albicans |
625 |
312.5 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; culture |
[30] |
Chamaecostus cuspidatus (Nees & Mart.) C.Specht & D.W.Stev. (Costaceae) |
Extract: dioscin, aferoside A, aferoside C |
C. albicans |
250 |
15.62 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; MTT |
[31] |
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl (Lauraceae) |
EO: eugenol (77.22%), benzyl benzoate (4.53%), trans-caryophyllene (3.39%), acetyl eugenol (2.75%), linalool 2.11% |
C. albicans |
1000 |
150 |
Biofilm adhesion; XTT |
[32] |
C. dubliniensis |
1000 |
200 |
C. tropicalis |
1000 |
350 |
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) |
EO: limonene (53.4%), neral (11%), geraniol (9%), trans-limonene oxide (7%), nerol (6%) |
C. albicans |
500 |
2000 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; XTT |
[33] |
C. glabrata |
250 |
1000 |
C. krusei |
500 |
125 |
C. orthopsilosis |
500 |
1000 |
C. parapsilosis |
500 |
2000 |
C. tropicalis |
250 |
2000 |
Copaifera paupera (Herzog) Dwyer (Fabaceae) |
Extract: galloylquinic acids, quercetrin, afzelin |
C. glabrata |
5.89 |
46.87 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; XTT |
[34] |
Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Fabaceae) |
Extract: galloylquinic acids, quercetrin, afzelin |
C. glabrata |
5.89 |
46.87 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; XTT |
[34] |
Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae) |
EO: 1-decanol (33.91%), E-2-decen-1-ol (23.59%), 2-dodecen-1-ol (13.06%), E-2-tetradecen-1-ol (5.46%) |
C. albicans |
7 |
250 |
Biofilm formation; crystal violet |
[29] |
EO: decanal (19.09%), trans-2-decenal (17.54%), 2-decen-1-ol (12.33%), cyclodecane (12.15%) |
C. albicans |
15.6 |
62.5–125 |
Biofilm adhesion; crystal violet |
[35] |
C. dubliniensis |
31.2 |
62.5–125 |
C. rugosa |
15.6 |
62.5 |
C. tropicalis |
31.2 |
31.25–250 |
Croton eluteria (L.) W.Wright (Euphorbiaceae) |
EO: α-pinene (29.37%), β-pinene (19.35%), camphene (10.31%), 1,8-cineole (9.68%) |
C. albicans |
4000 |
5–500 |
Biofilm formation; confocal laser microscopy |
[36] |
Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressaceae) |
EO: sabinene (20.3%), citral (20%), terpinene-4-ol (15.4%), α-pinene (8%) |
C. albicans |
250 |
1000 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; XTT |
[33] |
C. glabrata |
31.25 |
250 |
C. krusei |
62.5 |
62.5 |
C. orthopsilosis |
31.25 |
125 |
C. parapsilosis |
62.5 |
500 |
C. tropicalis |
250 |
500 |
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae) |
EO: no composition |
C. albicans |
180–360 |
22.5–180 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[37] |
Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W.Watson (Poaceae) |
EO: no composition |
C. albicans |
16,800 |
800 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[38] |
Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (Poaceae) |
EO: citronellal (27.87%), geraniol (22.77%), geranial (14.54%), citronellol (11.85%), neral (11.21%) |
C. albicans |
1000 |
2500–5000 |
Biofilm adhesion; XTT |
[39] |
C. krusei |
250–500 |
2500 |
C. parapsilosis |
500–1000 |
5000–10,000 |
Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae) |
EO: α-pinene (5.72%), mustakone (5.66%), α-bulnesene (5.02%), α-copaene (4.97%) |
C. albicans |
125 |
250 |
Biofilm formation; crystal violet |
[29] |
Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) |
EO: no composition |
C. albicans |
8 |
8 |
Mature biofilm; luminescence |
[40] |
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) |
EO: 1,8-cineole (75.8%), p-cymene (7.5%), α-pinene (7.4%), limonene (6.4%) |
C. albicans |
219 |
11,250–22,500 |
Mature biofilm; atomic force microscopy |
[41] |
C. glabrata |
219 |
11,250–22,500 |
C. tropicalis |
885 |
11,250–22,500 |
EO: no composition |
C. albicans |
8400 |
500 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[38] |
Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) |
Extract: no composition |
C. albicans |
15.62–31.25 |
156 |
Mature biofilm; scanning electron microscopy |
[42] |
Eugenia leitonii Legrand nom. inval. (Myrtaceae) |
Extract: no composition |
C. albicans |
15.62–250 |
156 |
Mature biofilm; scanning electron microscopy |
[42] |
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don (Asteraceae) |
EO: α-pinene (27.64%), γ-elemene (23.84%), β-caryophyllene (13.05%), α-longipinene (11.25%) |
C. albicans |
6000 |
10–500 |
Biofilm formation; confocal laser microscopy |
[36] |
Laserpitium latifolium L. (Apiaceae) |
Extract: laserpitine |
C. albicans |
1250 |
6300 |
Mature biofilm; luminescence |
[43] |
C. krusei |
1250 |
6300 |
Laserpitium ochridanum Micevski (Apiaceae) |
Extract: isomontanolide, montanolide, tarolide |
C. albicans |
5000 |
10,000 |
Mature biofilm; luminescence |
[43] |
C. krusei |
5000 |
10,000 |
Laserpitium zernyi Hayek = L. siler subsp. zernyi (Hayek) Tutin (Apiaceae) |
Extract: isomontanolide, montanolide, tarolide |
C. albicans |
7500 |
15,000 |
Mature biofilm; luminescence |
[43] |
C. krusei |
7500 |
37,500 |
Lavandula dentata L. (Lamiaceae) |
EO: eucalyptol (42.66%), β-pinene (8.59%), trans-α-bisabolene (6.34%), pinocarveol (6.3%) |
C. albicans |
0.15–0.18 |
0.045–0.07 |
Mature biofilm; XTT |
[21] |
Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) |
Extract: no composition |
C. albicans |
10 |
2.5–12.5 |
Mature biofilm; MTT |
[25] |
Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) |
EO: thymol (65.76%), p-cymene (17.28%), α-caryophyllene (10.46%), cyclohexanone (6.5%) |
C. albicans |
250 |
500 |
Biofilm formation; crystal violet |
[29] |
Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae) |
EO: limonene (37%), neral (31.4%), citral (12%), linalool (4%) |
C. albicans |
500 |
2000 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; XTT |
[33] |
C. glabrata |
250 |
2000 |
C. krusei |
62.5 |
250 |
C. orthopsilosis |
250 |
2000 |
C. parapsilosis |
500 |
1000 |
C. tropicalis |
1000 |
2000 |
Mentha × piperita L. (Lamiaceae) |
EO: menthol (32.93%), menthone (24.41%), 1,8-cineole (7.89%) |
C. albicans |
1–10 |
10 |
Biofilm formation; MTT |
[44] |
EO: no composition |
C. albicans |
11,600 |
800 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[38] |
Mikania glomerata Spreng (Asteraceae) |
EO: germacrene D (38.29%), α-caryophyllene (9.49%), bicyclogermacrene (7.98%), caryophyllene oxide (4.28%) |
C. albicans |
250 |
500 |
Biofilm formation; crystal violet |
[29] |
Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) |
EO: α-pinene (39.8%), 1,8-cineole (24.8%), limonene (10.7%), linalool (6.4%) |
C. albicans |
1250–10,000 |
None or 1250 |
No data; no data |
[45] |
C. parapsilosis |
1250 to >16,000 |
1250 |
C. tropicalis |
1250–16,000 |
1250 |
Ononis spinosa L. (Fabaceae) |
Extract: kaempherol-O-dihexoside, kaempherol-O-hexoside-pentoside, kaempherol-O-hexoside, quercetin-O-hexoside-pentoside, acetylquercetin-O-hexoside |
C. albicans |
620 |
10,000 |
Mature biofilm; luminescence |
[46] |
C. krusei |
620 |
5000 |
C. tropicalis |
310 |
10,000 |
Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. (Geraniaceae) |
EO: geraniol (42.3%), linalool (20.1%), citronellol (11.1%), menthone (8.0%) |
C. albicans |
125 |
4000–8000 |
Mature biofilm; XTT |
[47] |
Piper claussenianum (Miq.) C. DC. (Piperaceae) |
EO: nerolidols |
C. albicans |
4100–9600 |
2400–12,600 |
Mature biofilm; MTT |
[48] |
Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) |
Extract: no composition |
C. albicans |
10 |
12.5 |
Mature biofilm; MTT |
[25] |
Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae) |
Extract: ellagic acid |
C. albicans |
1000 |
100–750 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; crystal violet |
[49] |
Santolina impressa Hoffmanns. & Link (Asteraceae) |
EO: β-pinene (22.5%), 1,8-cineole (10.0%), limonene (9.1%), camphor (8.1%), β-phellandrene (8.0%) |
C. albicans |
540 |
70–1050 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[50] |
Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae) |
EO: thymol (45.9%), gamma-terpinen (16.71%), carvacrol (12.81%), p-cymene (9.61%) |
C. albicans |
200–400 |
400–4800 |
Biofilm adhesion, formation, and mature biofilm; MTT |
[51] |
Satureja macrosiphon (Coss.) = Micromeria macrosiphon Coss. (Lamiaceae) |
EO: linalool (28.46%), borneol (16.22%), terpinene-4-ol (14.58%), cis-sabinene hydrate (12.96%) |
C. albicans |
0.06–4 |
0.06–8 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[22] |
C. dubliniensis |
0.25–4 |
2–8 |
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry = Eugenia caryophyllus (Spreng.) Bullock & S.G.Harrison (Myrtaceae) |
EO: no composition |
C. albicans |
100–200 |
50 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[37] |
EO: no composition |
C. albicans |
48,000 |
3300 |
Biofilm formation; XTT |
[38] |
Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) |
EO: thymol (54.73%), carvacrol (12.42%), terpineol (4.00%), nerol acetate (2.86%), fenchol (0.5%) |
C. albicans |
1.56–25 |
12.5 |
Biofilm formation; absorbance, crystal violet, and scanning electron microscopy |
[26] |
C. tropicalis |
25–50 |
12.5 |
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Canellaceae) |
Extract: ugandenial A, warburganal, polygodial, alpha-linolenic acid ALA |
C. albicans |
Lack of data |
1000 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; XTT and confocal laser microscopy |
[52] |
C. glabrata |
Lack of data |
1000 |
Ziziphora tenuior L. (Lamiaceae) |
EO: pulegone (46.8%), p-menth-3-en-8-ol (12.5%), isomenthone (6.6%), 8-hydroxymenthone (6.2%), isomenthol (4.7%) |
C. albicans |
1.25 |
2.5 |
Mature biofilm; XTT |
[23] |
Zuccagnia punctata L. (Fabaceae) |
Extract: no composition |
C. albicans |
400 |
100 |
Biofilm formation and mature biofilm; XTT and crystal violet |
[53] |