Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis is the enzymatic formation of membrane lipids containing a glycerol backbone, hydrophobic chains, and a phosphate-associated polar region. Phosphatidic acid is a central intermediate connecting synthetic reactions with regulation of phospholipid production [1]. Branches involving diacylglycerol and activated head-group donors generate several major phospholipid classes, while additional reactions form or exchange particular polar groups. The CDP-choline pathway is linked to phospholipid transfer and the maintenance of Golgi membrane composition [2][3]. Another branch activates phosphatidic acid with CTP to form CDP-diacylglycerol. The integral membrane enzyme catalyzing this step binds the water-soluble nucleotide from the cytoplasm and the lipid substrate from the membrane. Subsequent transfer reactions connect this activated lipid intermediate to formation of specific glycerophospholipid head groups [4].
- glycerophospholipids
- phosphatidic acid
- acyltransferases
- lipid remodeling
Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis·Biochemistry·Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology·Life Sciences
References
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- Ann E. Cleves; Todd P. McGee; Eric A. Whitters; Kathleen M. Champlon; Jacqueline R. Altken; William Dowhan; Mark Goebl; Vytas A. Bankaitis; Mutations in the CDP-choline pathway for phospholipid biosynthesis bypass the requirement for an essential phospholipid transfer protein. Cell 1991, 64, 789-800, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90508-v.
- Xiuying Liu; Yan Yin; Jinjun Wu; Zhenfeng Liu; Structure and mechanism of an intramembrane liponucleotide synthetase central for phospholipid biosynthesis. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4244, 10.1038/ncomms5244.