Ribosome shunting is a translation-initiation mechanism in which a ribosomal complex bypasses an internal portion of a messenger-RNA leader and reaches a downstream initiation region. In characterized plant viral leaders, sequences near the two ends support translation while much of the intervening region can be omitted from the ribosome's path [1]. Contacts between ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA can contribute to recruitment or positioning during such noncanonical initiation events [2]. Some shunting arrangements are cap-dependent and use a leader element complementary to 18S ribosomal RNA to promote downstream translation [3][4]. Other arrangements couple translation of a short upstream open reading frame to subsequent bypass of a structured RNA segment. The retained ribosomal complex then reinitiates at a downstream coding region [5].
- translation initiation
- ribosomal scanning
- upstream open reading frame
- mRNA leader
References
- Waltraud Schmidt-Puchta; Diana Dominguez; Diana Lewetag; Thomas Hohn; Plant Ribosome Shunting in Vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997, 25, 2854-2860, 10.1093/nar/25.14.2854.
- Franck Martin; Jean-François Ménétret; Angelita Simonetti; Alexander G. Myasnikov; Quentin Vicens; Lydia Prongidi-Fix; S. Kundhavai Natchiar; Bruno P. Klaholz; Gilbert Eriani; Ribosomal 18S rRNA Base Pairs with mRNA during Eukaryotic Translation Initiation. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 1-7, 10.1038/ncomms12622.
- Stephen A. Chappell; John Dresios; Gerald M. Edelman; Vincent P. Mauro; Ribosomal Shunting Mediated by a Translational Enhancer Element that Base Pairs to 18S rRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2006, 103, 9488-9493, 10.1073/pnas.0603597103.
- T. Racine; R. Duncan; Facilitated Leaky Scanning and Atypical Ribosome Shunting Direct Downstream Translation Initiation on the Tricistronic S1 mRNA of Avian Reovirus. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010, 38, 7260-7272, 10.1093/nar/gkq611.
- Lyubov A Ryabova; Mikhail M Pooggin; Thomas Hohn. Viral Strategies of Translation Initiation: Ribosomal Shunt and Reinitiation; Elsevier: Amsterdam, NX, Netherlands, 2002; pp. 1-39. [CrossRef]