Translational frameshifting is a change in the nucleotide register used by a ribosome to decode messenger RNA, causing subsequent codons to be read in an alternative frame. The resulting polypeptide contains an initial sequence translated before the shift and a downstream sequence specified by the new frame [1]. Programmed frameshifting is promoted by particular messenger-RNA signals, commonly a shift-prone sequence together with a nearby structured region [2]. In minus-one frameshifting, the ribosome moves into a frame displaced by one nucleotide toward the RNA's 5′ end. A downstream pseudoknot can obstruct entry of RNA into the ribosome and generate tension during translocation [3]. Contacts among the pseudoknot, ribosome, and transfer RNA stabilize intermediate conformations associated with this change in reading frame [4][5].
- reading frame
- ribosomal recoding
- programmed frameshifting
- mRNA translation
RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms·Molecular Biology·Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology·Life Sciences
References
- John F. Atkins; Gary Loughran; Pramod R. Bhatt; Andrew E. Firth; Pavel V. Baranov; Ribosomal Frameshifting and Transcriptional Slippage: From Genetic Steganography and Cryptography to Adventitious Use. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016, 44, 7007-7078, 10.1093/nar/gkw530.
- Neva Caliskan; Frank Peske; Marina V. Rodnina; Changed in Translation: mRNA Recoding by −1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2015, 40, 265-274, 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.006.
- Pramod R. Bhatt; Alain Scaiola; Gary Loughran; Marc Leibundgut; Annika Kratzel; Romane Meurs; René Dreos; Kate M. O’cOnnor; Angus McMillan; Jeffrey W. Bode; et al. Structural Basis of Ribosomal Frameshifting during Translation of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Genome. Science 2021, 372, 1306-1313, 10.1126/science.abf3546.
- Olivier Namy; Stephen J. Moran; David I. Stuart; Robert J. C. Gilbert; Ian Brierley; A Mechanical Explanation of RNA Pseudoknot Function in Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting. Nat. 2006, 441, 244-247, 10.1038/nature04735.
- Olivier Namy; Stephen J. Moran; David I. Stuart; Robert J. C. Gilbert; Ian Brierley; A Mechanical Explanation of RNA Pseudoknot Function in Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting. Nat. 2006, 441, 244-247, 10.1038/nature04735.