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Nanoporous Materials: History
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Contributor: Eng Editorial Office

Nanoporous materials are solids that contain pore structures with dimensions on the nanometer scale, typically ranging between approximately one and one hundred nanometers, classified by pore size as microporous below two nanometers, mesoporous between two and fifty nanometers, and macroporous above fifty nanometers according to the IUPAC convention [1]. A landmark family of such materials is the ordered mesoporous silicates of the M41S type, including MCM-41, which possesses a regular hexagonal array of uniform cylindrical channels templated by self-assembled surfactant liquid-crystal micelles, yielding very high specific surface area, large pore volume, and narrowly distributed pore diameters that can be systematically tuned by selecting the surfactant chain length and synthesis conditions [2]. The pores are typically characterized by low-temperature nitrogen sorption isotherms using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method for surface area determination and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method for pore-size distribution analysis, and the materials are structurally characterized through small-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy [3].

  • mesoporous
  • MCM-41
  • surface area
  • surfactant template
  • IUPAC

Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies •  Biomedical Engineering •  Engineering •  Physical Sciences

References

  1. J. S. Beck; J. C. Vartuli; W. J. Roth; M. E. Leonowicz; C. T. Kresge; K. D. Schmitt; C. T. W. Chu; D. H. Olson; E. W. Sheppard; S. B. McCullen; et al. A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10834-10843, 10.1021/ja00053a020.
  2. C. T. Kresge; M. E. Leonowicz; W. J. Roth; J. C. Vartuli; J. S. Beck; Ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism. Nat. 1992, 359, 710-712, 10.1038/359710a0.
  3. Rouquerol, F.; Rouquerol, J.; Llewellyn, P.; Maurin, G.; Sing, K.S.W. Adsorption by Powders and Porous Solids: Principles, Methodology and Applications, 2nd ed.; Academic Press: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2014. ISBN: 0080970362.
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