Wave-structure interaction is the hydrodynamic phenomenon describing the mutual dynamic coupling between surface gravity waves and submerged or floating solid bodies, wherein the wave field exerts time-varying pressure and force on the structure while the structure's presence modifies the local wave field through reflection, diffraction, transmission, and radiation. The problem is formulated as a boundary-value problem in which the fluid domain satisfies Laplace's equation under the assumption of inviscid, irrotational flow, and the body surface imposes a kinematic boundary condition that matches fluid particle velocity to structural motion ^[1]. Linear potential theory decomposes the solution into incident waves that would exist without the structure, diffracted waves caused by the fixed body blocking the wave field, and radiated waves generated by the body's own oscillatory motion. The hydrodynamic force on the body is then expressed as the sum of Froude-Krylov pressure from undisturbed incident waves, diffraction forces from the scattering body, and radiation forces that include added-mass and wave-damping terms proportional to body acceleration and velocity ^[2]. The motion equations couple these hydrodynamic coefficients to structural mass, stiffness, and mooring restoring forces, yielding the frequency response of the structure to irregular sea states described by wave spectral density functions ^[3].