Hybrid educational resources are intentionally designed learning resources that combine two or more delivery modes—most commonly physical/offline materials and digital/online components—within a single instructional resource system [1][2][3][4]. They may integrate, for example, printed texts, worksheets, or lab tools with videos, simulations, learning platforms, interactive quizzes, and cloud-based collaboration spaces [1][2]. Hybrid educational resources are characterized by coordinated design across media, so that each component serves a complementary pedagogical function (e.g., explanation, practice, feedback, assessment, or extension) rather than duplicating content [2][3][4]. In education practice and policy, the term refers to resource-level integration for blended learning contexts, distinct from using isolated digital supplements without structured linkage to core instructional materials [1][2][3][4].
- hybrid educational resources
- blended learning materials
- multimodal instruction
- digital and print integration
Online and Blended Learning • Education • Social Sciences • Social Sciences
References
- Stefan Hrastinski; What Do We Mean by Blended Learning?. TechTrends 2019, 63, 564-569, 10.1007/s11528-019-00375-5.
- Ruth Boelens; Bram De Wever; Michiel Voet; Four key challenges to the design of blended learning: A systematic literature review. Educ. Res. Rev. 2017, 22, 1-18, 10.1016/j.edurev.2017.06.001.
- UNESCO. Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER); UNESCO: Paris, 2019. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370936.
- David Wiley; T. J. Bliss; Mary McEwen. Open Educational Resources: A Review of the Literature; Springer Nature: Durham, NC, United States, 2013; pp. 781-789. [CrossRef]