In the absence of early detection and initial treatment, prostate cancer often progresses to an advanced stage, frequently spreading to the bones and significantly impacting patients’ well-being and healthcare resources. Therefore, managing patients with prostate cancer that has spread to the bones often involves using bone-targeted medications like bisphosphonates and denosumab to enhance bone structure and minimize skeletal complications. Additionally, researchers are studying the tumor microenvironment and biomarkers to understand the mechanisms and potential treatment targets for bone metastases in prostate cancer.
Drug | Action | Mechanism |
---|---|---|
Abiraterone | Inhibition of androgen synthesis | Inhibits CYP17, reduces androgen production |
Enzalutamide | Antagonization of androgen action | Androgen receptor inhibitor, blocks testosterone effects |
Bicalutamide | Blockade of the AR | |
Apalutamide | Prevent AR translocation, DNA binding, and AR–mediated transcription | |
Docetaxel Cabazitaxel |
Inhibition of mitosis | Tubulin inhibition |
Radium-223 | Alpha radiation, gamma rays | Targets bone metastases, emits alpha particles |
177Lu-PSMA-617 MEDI3726 |
Inhibition of growth signals | Binding and internalization of the PSMA ligands triggers cell death |
Ipilimumab | Checkpoint (CTLA-4) inhibitor | Increases antitumor T-cell responses |
Olaparib Rucaparib |
PARP inhibitor | Inhibition of DNA repair |
Pembrolizumab | PD-1 inhibitor | Regulates T cell activation |
Sipuleucel-T | Immunotherapy | Autologous vaccine |
CAR-T | Targeted PSMA |
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/cancers16030627