Encyclopedia
COG5-congenital disorder of glycosylation (COG5-CDG, formerly known as congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIi) is an inherited condition that causes neurological problems and other abnormalities. The pattern and severity of this disorder's signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals.
- genetic conditions
1. Introduction
Individuals with COG5-CDG typically develop signs and symptoms of the condition during infancy. These individuals often have weak muscle tone (hypotonia) and delayed development. Other neurological features include moderate to severe intellectual disability, poor coordination, and difficulty walking. Some affected individuals never learn to speak. Other features of COG5-CDG include short stature, an unusually small head size (microcephaly), and distinctive facial features, which can include ears that are set low and rotated backward, a short neck with a low hairline in the back, and a prominent nose. Less commonly, affected individuals can have hearing loss caused by changes in the inner ear (sensorineural hearing loss), vision impairment, damage to the nerves that control bladder function (a condition called neurogenic bladder), liver disease, and joint deformities (contractures).
2. Frequency
COG5-CDG is a very rare disorder; fewer than 10 cases have been described in the medical literature.
3. Causes
COG5-CDG is caused by mutations in the COG5 gene, which provides instructions for making one piece of a group of proteins known as the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. This complex functions in the Golgi apparatus, which is a cellular structure in which newly produced proteins are modified. One process that occurs in the Golgi apparatus is glycosylation, by which sugar molecules (oligosaccharides) are attached to proteins and fats. Glycosylation modifies proteins so they can perform a wider variety of functions.
The COG complex takes part in the transport of proteins, including those that perform glycosylation, in the Golgi apparatus. COG5 gene mutations reduce the amount of COG5 protein or eliminate it completely, which disrupts protein transport. This disruption results in abnormal protein glycosylation, which can affect numerous body systems, leading to the signs and symptoms of COG5-CDG. The severity of COG5-CDG is related to the amount of COG5 protein that remains in cells.
4. Inheritance
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.
5. Other Names for This Condition
- carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type IIi
- CDG IIi
- CDG2I
- CDGIIi
- COG5-CDG
- congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIi
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cog5-congenital-disorder-of-glycosylation
References
- Fung CW, Matthijs G, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Wong KY, Wong R, Wong V, Jaeken J.COG5-CDG with a Mild Neurohepatic Presentation. JIMD Rep. 2012;3:67-70. doi:10.1007/8904_2011_61.
- Miller VJ, Sharma P, Kudlyk TA, Frost L, Rofe AP, Watson IJ, Duden R, Lowe M, Lupashin VV, Ungar D. Molecular insights into vesicle tethering at the Golgi bythe conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex and the golgin TATA elementmodulatory factor (TMF). J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 8;288(6):4229-40. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.426767.
- Paesold-Burda P, Maag C, Troxler H, Foulquier F, Kleinert P, Schnabel S,Baumgartner M, Hennet T. Deficiency in COG5 causes a moderate form of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet. 2009 Nov 15;18(22):4350-6. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp389.
- Rymen D, Keldermans L, Race V, Régal L, Deconinck N, Dionisi-Vici C, Fung CW, Sturiale L, Rosnoblet C, Foulquier F, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. COG5-CDG: expandingthe clinical spectrum. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012 Dec 10;7:94. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-7-94. Erratum in: Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2013;8:120.
- Smith RD, Lupashin VV. Role of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex inprotein glycosylation. Carbohydr Res. 2008 Aug 11;343(12):2024-31. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2008.01.034.
