Sugars, which are a structural element during both the synthesis of the aforementioned glycoconjugates and the preparation of polysaccharide or glycopolymer carriers of anticancer drugs, are widely distributed in nature and also constitute one of the main classes of natural compounds found in living organisms, where they perform important functions in many physiological and pathological processes.
Drug | Conjugated Sugar | Type of Anticancer Activity Studies; Transportation Mode |
Activity Compared to Glycone/Properties | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ifosfamide | D-Glucose | Alkylating agent | Glufosfamide
|
[22][62] |
Doxorubicin (DOX, ADM) |
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose and succinic acid |
Antitumor antibiotic GLUTs mediated |
2DG–SA–DOX
|
[27][67] |
Doxorubicin (DOX, ADM) |
Galactose | Antitumor antibiotic | Gal-DOX1
|
[30][70] |
Doxorubicin (DOX, ADM) |
Galactose | ASPG mediated | Gal-DOX2
|
[31][71] |
Chlorambucil (CLB) | Amino derivatives of glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, lyxose, D-threoside | Alkylating and DNA-complexing agent |
D-threoside-CLB
|
[52][92] |
Chlorambucil (CLB) | Peracetylated 2-fluorodeoxyglucose | FDG-CLB
|
[53][93] | |
Paclitaxel (PTX) | Glucose | Mitotic inhibitor | Glu-PTX
|
[28][29][54][68,69,94] |
Paclitaxel (PTX) | Glucose | 2FGlu-PTX/PTX
|
[33][73] | |
Paclitaxel (PTX) | Glucose | a single (GluSA-PTX) and double (bis-GluSA-PTX) bis
|
[34][74] | |
Azomycin | Glucose | GLUTs-mediated | Glucoazomycins
|
[26][66] |
Geldanamycin (GA) | Glucose | HSP90 inhibitor | Glu-GA
|
[55][95] |
Geldanamycin (GA) | Galactose Lactose |
HSP90 inhibitor | Gal-GA and Lac-GA
|
[55][95] |
Emodin (EM) | D-rhamnose | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Rha-EM
|
[56][96] |
Platinum | Glucose | GLUTs mediated | Glucose-conjugated Pt(IV) complexes
|
[37][77] |
Oxaliplatin | Glucose, Mannose Galactose |
GLUTs mediated |
|
[35][75] |