Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Organic Solar Cells: Comparison
View Latest Version
Please note this is a comparison between Version 2 by Jessie Wu and Version 1 by Shenghua LIU.

The thin-film organic solar cells (OSCs) are currently one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies to effectively harvest the solar energy due to their attractive features of mechanical flexibility, light weight, low-cost manufacturing, and solution-processed large-scale fabrication, etc. However, the relative insufficient light absorption, short exciton diffusion distance, and low carrier mobility of the OSCs determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices are relatively lower than their inorganic photovoltaic counterparts. To conquer the challenges, the two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, which have excellent photoelectric properties, tunable energy band structure, and solvent compatibility etc., exhibit the great potential to enhance the performance of the OSCs. In this review, we summarize the most recent successful applications of the 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and g-C3N4, etc., adapted in the charge transporting layer, the active layer, and the electrode of the OSCs, respectively, for boosting the PCE and stability of the devices. The strengths and weaknesses of the 2D materials in the application of OSCs are also reviewed in details. Additionally, the challenges, commercialization potentials, and prospects for the further development of 2D materials-based OSCs are outlined in the end.

  • organic solar cells
  • 2D materials
  • additives
  • active layer
  • charge transporting layer
Please wait, diff process is still running!

References

  1. Stylianakis, M.M.; Konios, D.; Kakavelakis, G. Efficient ternary organic photovoltaics incorporating a graphene-based porphyrin molecule as a universal electron cascade material. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 17827–17835.
  2. Kakavelakis, G.; Castillo, A.E.D.; Pellegrini, V. Size-Tuning of WSe2 Flakes for High Efficiency Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 3517–3531.
  3. Wang, H.C.; Lin, Y.C.; Chen, C.H. Hydrogen plasma-treated MoSe2 nanosheets enhance the efficiency and stability of organic photovoltaics. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 17460–17470.
  4. Zhao, Y.; Chen, T.L.; Xiao, L.G. Facile integration of low-cost black phosphorus in solution-processed organic solar cells with improved fill factor and device efficiency. Nano Energy 2018, 53, 345–353.
  5. Yang, W.T.; Ye, L.; Yao, F.F. Black phosphorus nanoflakes as morphology modifier for efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells with high fill-factor and better morphological stability. Nano Res. 2019, 12, 777–783.
  6. Huang, C.W.; Yu, H.Z.; Chen, J.Y. Improved performance of polymer solar cells by doping with Bi2O2S nanocrystals. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2019, 200, 110030.
  7. Huang, C.W.; Yu, H.Z. Two-Dimensional Bi2O2Se with High Mobility for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 19643–19654.
  8. Zhao, Y.; Liu, X.J.; Jing, X. Addition of 2D Ti3C2TX to Enhance Photocurrent in Diodes for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. Solar RRL 2021, 5, 2100127.
  9. Wang, H.C.; Lin, Y.C.; Chen, C.H. Hydrogen plasma-treated MoSe2 nanosheets enhance the efficiency and stability of organic photovoltaics. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 17460–17470.
  10. Ling, H.F.; Liu, S.H.; Zheng, Z.J. Organic Flexible Electronics. Small Methods 2018, 2, 1800070.
  11. Garg, R.; Dutta, N.K.; Choudhury, N.R. Work Function Engineering of Graphene. Nanomaterials 2014, 4, 267–300.
  12. Suh, J.; Park, T.E.; Lin, D.Y. Doping against the Native Propensity of MoS2: Degenerate Hole Doping by Cation Substitution. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6976–6982.
  13. Yang, W.T.; Ye, L.; Yao, F.F. Black phosphorus nanoflakes as morphology modifier for efficient fullerene-free organic solar cells with high fill-factor and better morphological stability. Nano Res. 2019, 12, 777–783.
  14. Zhao, Y.; Chen, T.L.; Xiao, L.G. Facile integration of low-cost black phosphorus in solution-processed organic solar cells with improved fill factor and device efficiency. Nano Energy 2018, 53, 345–353.
  15. Jun, G.H.; Jin, S.H.; Lee, B. Enhanced conduction and charge-selectivity by N-doped graphene flakes in the active layer of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 3000–3006.
  16. Fan, X.; Zhang, M.L.; Wang, X.D. Recent progress in organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 8694–8709.
  17. Huang, C.W.; Yu, H.Z.; Chen, J.Y. Improved performance of polymer solar cells by doping with Bi2O2S nanocrystals. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2019, 200, 110030.
  18. Wu, J.X.; Yuan, H.T.; Meng, M.M. High electron mobility and quantum oscillations in non-encapsulated ultrathin semiconducting Bi2O2Se. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017, 12, 530–534.
  19. Li, M.Q.; Dang, L.Y.; Wang, G.G. Bismuth Oxychalcogenide Nanosheet: Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Photodetector Application. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2020, 5, 2000180.
  20. Fatima, M.J.J.; Navaneeth, A.; Sindhu, S. Improved carrier mobility and bandgap tuning of zinc doped bismuth oxide. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 2504–2510.
  21. Leontie, L.; Caraman, M.; Alexe, M. Structural and optical characteristics of bismuth oxide thin films. Surf. Sci. 2002, 507, 480–485.
  22. Wu, J.X.; Qiu, C.G.; Fu, H.X. Low Residual Carrier Concentration and High Mobility in 2D Semiconducting Bi2O2Se. Nano Lett. 2019, 19, 197–202.
  23. Huang, C.W.; Yu, H.Z. Two-Dimensional Bi2O2Se with High Mobility for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 19643–19654.
  24. Naguib, M.; Kurtoglu, M.; Presser, V. Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals Produced by Exfoliation of Ti3AlC2. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4248–4253.
  25. Lei, J.C.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, Z. Recent advances in MXene: Preparation, properties, and applications. Front. Phys. 2015, 10, 276–286.
  26. Zhao, Y.; Liu, X.J.; Jing, X. Addition of 2D Ti3C2TX to Enhance Photocurrent in Diodes for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. Solar RRL 2021, 5, 2100127.
  27. Yang, Q.; Yu, S.W.; Fu, P. Boosting Performance of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells by 2D g-C3N4 Doped PEDOT:PSS. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1910205.
  28. Fernandez-Arteaga, Y.; Maldonado, J.L.; Nicasio-Collazo, J. Solution processable graphene derivative used in a bilayer anode with conductive PEDOT:PSS on the non-fullerene PBDB-T:ITIC based organic solar cells. Sol. Energy 2021, 225, 656–665.
  29. Wang, J.; Peng, R.X.; Gao, J. Ti3C2TX/PEDOT:PSS Composite Interface Enables over 17% Efficiency Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 45789–45797.
  30. Bao, Z.Y.; Liu, S.H.; Hou, Y.D. Hollow Au nanorattles for boosting the performance of organic photovoltaics. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 26797–26803.
  31. Hou, C.L.; Yu, H.Z. Modifying the nanostructures of PEDOT:PSS/Ti3C2TX composite hole transport layers for highly efficient polymer solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. C 2020, 8, 4169–4180.
  32. Socol, M.; Preda, N. Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications: A Review. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1117.
  33. Eisner, F.; Seitkhan, A.; Han, Y. Solution-Processed In2O3/ZnO Heterojunction Electron Transport Layers for Efficient Organic Bulk Heterojunction and Inorganic Colloidal Quantum-Dot Solar Cells. Solar RRL 2018, 2, 1800076.
  34. In, S.J.; Park, M.; Jung, J.W. Reduced interface energy loss in non-fullerene organic solar cells using room temperature-synthesized SnO2 quantum dots. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2020, 52, 12–19.
  35. Liu, S.H.; Hou, Y.D.; Xie, W. Quantitative Determination of Contribution by Enhanced Local Electric Field, Antenna-Amplified Light Scattering, and Surface Energy Transfer to the Performance of Plasmonic Organic Solar Cells. Small 2018, 14, 1800870.
  36. Yuan, J.B.; Zhang, X.L.; Sun, J.G. Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Dot/Non-Fullerene Molecule Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 15%. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2101272.
  37. Ahmed, E.; Ren, G.Q.; Kim, F.S. Design of New Electron Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis, Electron Transport, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Oligothiophene-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides. Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 4563–4577.
  38. Liu, S.H.; Zhang, Y.Y.; Lin, Y. Tailoring the structure and nitrogen content of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes by water-assisted growth. Carbon 2014, 69, 247–254.
  39. Ren, G.Q.; Ahmed, E.; Jenekhe, S.A. Nanowires of oligothiophene-functionalized naphthalene diimides: Self assembly, morphology, and all-nanowire bulk heterojunction solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 24373–24379.
  40. Wang, Y.F.; Jia, B.Y.; Qin, F. Semitransparent, non-fullerene and flexible all-plastic solar cells. Polymer 2016, 107, 108–112.
  41. Zhao, F.G.; Deng, L.L.; Wang, K. Surface Modification of SnO2 via MAPbI3 Nanowires for a Highly Efficient Non-Fullerene Acceptor-Based Organic Solar Cell. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 5120–5127.
  42. Butun, S.; Tongay, S.; Aydin, K. Enhanced Light Emission from Large-Area Monolayer MoS2 Using Plasmonic Nanodisc Arrays. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 2700–2704.
  43. Chen, Y.N.; Sun, Y.; Peng, J.J. Tailoring Organic Cation of 2D Air-Stable Organometal Halide Perovskites for Highly Efficient Planar Solar Cells. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1700162.
  44. Fan, Q.P.; Zhu, Q.L.; Xu, Z. Chlorine substituted 2D-conjugated polymer for high-performance polymer solar cells with 13.1% efficiency via toluene processing. Nano Energy 2018, 48, 413–420.
  45. Ling, H.F.; Liu, S.H.; Zheng, Z.J. Organic Flexible Electronics. Small Methods 2018, 2, 1800070.
  46. Ma, C.Q.; Shen, D.; Ng, T.W. 2D Perovskites with Short Interlayer Distance for High-Performance Solar Cell Application. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800710.
  47. Das, S.; Pandey, D.; Thomas, J. The Role of Graphene and Other 2D Materials in Solar Photovoltaics. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1802722.
  48. Liu, Z.K.; Lau, S.P.; Yan, F. Functionalized graphene and other two-dimensional materials for photovoltaic devices: Device design and processing. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 5638–5679.
  49. Zhou, H.L.; Wang, C.; Shaw, J.C. Large Area Growth and Electrical Properties of p-Type WSe2 Atomic Layers. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 709–713.
  50. Zhang, Y.; Chang, T.-R.; Zhou, B. Direct observation of the transition from indirect to direct bandgap in atomically thin epitaxial MoSe2. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 111–115.
  51. Wu, M.; Zeng, X.C. Bismuth Oxychalcogenides: A New Class of Ferroelectric/Ferroelastic Materials with Ultra High Mobility. Nano Lett. 2017, 17, 6309–6314.
  52. Meng, S.; Wang, J.; Shi, H. Distinct ultrafast carrier dynamics of α-In2Se3 and β-In2Se3: Contributions from band filling and bandgap renormalization. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2021, 23, 24313–24318.
  53. Akinwande, D.; Petrone, N.; Hone, J. Two-dimensional flexible nanoelectronics. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 5678.
  54. Nguyen, V.H.; Nguyen, B.S.; Hu, C.C. Novel Architecture Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2TX) MXene Cocatalysts toward Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production: A Mini-Review. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 602.
  55. Garg, R.; Dutta, N.K.; Choudhury, N.R. Work Function Engineering of Graphene. Nanomaterials 2014, 4, 267–300.
  56. Suh, J.; Park, T.E.; Lin, D.Y. Doping against the Native Propensity of MoS2: Degenerate Hole Doping by Cation Substitution. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6976–6982.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback