Las fibras naturales son filamentos flexibles extraídos de fuentes renovables, con propiedades complejas debido a las amplias variaciones en la composición química y estructural de celulosa, lignina, hemicelulosa, ácidos grasos, pectinas y otras estructuras unidas por enlaces de hidrógeno intermoleculares y fuerzas de Van der Waals. formando microfibrillas con disposición paralela.
Fibras naturales | Natural Fibers | Nombre científico | Scientific Name | Celulosa (%) | Cellulose (%) | Endurance Traction (Mpa) | Hemicelulosa (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Lignina (%) | Lignin (%) | Extractivo (%) | Extractive (%) | Cenizas (%) | Ashes (%) | Autor, año | Author, Year |
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Módulo de tensión (Gpa) | Tension Module (Gpa) | Alargamiento a la rotura (%) | Elongation at Break (%) | Autor, año | Author, Year | |||||||
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Caña de azúcar | Sugar cane | Saccharum officinarum | 46,6–45,1 | 46.6–45.1 | 25,5-25,0 | 25.5–25.0 | 20,7–14,1 | 20.7–14.1 | 29,4-2,7 | 29.4–2.7 | 8.0-2.6 | 8.0–2.6 |
Madera | Wood | [ | 13 | , | 39 | ] | [13,39] | ||||||||||
0,50–1,4 | 0.50–1.4 | 130–64 | 70–7 | _ | [ 56 , 57 ] | [56,57] | Piña | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 81,2–45,0 | |||||||
Linaza | Flax | 81.2–45.0 | 50,0-12,3 | 50.0–12.3 | 1,5–1,4 | 1.5–1.4 | 30,0-3,4 | 650–250 | 70-27 | 70–2730.0–3.4 | _ | _ | 3.2–2.3 | [ 6 , 8 , 10 , 56 ] | [6,8,10,56] | [ 2 , 40 ] | [2,40] |
Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 60,0-10,0 | 60.0–10.0 | 19,0-16,0 | 19.0–16.0 | 19,0–5,0 | 19.0–5.0 | 9,6-2,0 | 9.6–2.0 | 11,0-1,2 | 11.0–1.2 | [ 40 , 41 ] | [40,41] | ||||
Cáñamo | |||||||||||||||||
Cáñamo | Hemp | 1.6–1.4 | 690–630 | 70,0–45 | 70.0–45 | 3,0-1,6 | 3.0–1.6 | [ 43 , 58 , 59 ] | [43,58,59] | Hemp | Cannabis sativa | 72,0–68,0 | 72.0–68.0 | ||||
Yute | Jute | 1,5–1,3 | 1.5–1.315.0–10.0 | 10.0–3.0 | _ | 5,8–2,3 | 773–325 | 55-26 | 55–26 | 2,5–1,5 | 2.5–1.55.8–2.3 | [ 8 , 56 , 60 ] | [8,56,60] | [ 11 , 42 ] | [11,42] | ||
Coco | Coconut | Cocos nucifera | 53,0–43,0 | 53.0–43.0 | 14,7-1,0 | 14.7–1.0 | 45,0–38,4 | 45.0–38.4 | _ | _ | |||||||
Coco | Coconut | 1,5–1,2 | 1.5–1.2 | 180-146 | 180–146 | 6–3 | 30,0-27,5 | 30.0–27.5 | [ 6 , 43 , 56 ] | [6,43,56] | [ 42 , 43 , 44 ] | [42,43,44] | |||||
Yute | Jute | Corchorus capsularis | 72,0–60,0 | 72.0–60.0 | 22,1-13,0 | 22.1–13.0 | 15.9-13.0 | 15.9–13.0 | _ | 3,0-2,5 | 3.0–2.5 | [ 11 | |||||
Algodón | Cotton | 1.6–1.5 | , | 310-191 | 310–191 | 42 | 12–5 | 8.0–7.0 | [ 8 , 56 , 59 ] | [8,56,59] | ] | [11,42] | |||||
Aceite de palma | Oil palm | Elaeis guineensis | 45,0-28,2 | 45.0–28.2 | 18,8-12,7 | 18.8–12.7 | 49,5–9,4 | 49.5–9.4 | 7,13–2,0 | 7.13–2.0 | |||||||
Sisal | 1.2–1.5 | 430–335 | 22–9 | 8.0-2.5 | 8.0–2.5 | [ 6 , 10 , | [ 45 , 46 ] | [45,46] | |||||||||
59 | ] | [ | 6 | , | 10,59] | Trigo | Wheat | Triticum | 43,2–60,5 | 43.2–60.5 | 34,1-20,8 | 34.1–20.8 | 22,0–9,0 | 22.0–9.0 | _ | 5,7–5,6 | 5.7–5.6 |
Kenaf | 1,5–1,4 | 1.5–1.4 | 930–641 | 53–36 | 1,6–3,5 | 1.6–3.5 | [ | [ 55 , 61 , 62 ] | [55,61,62] | 14 , 42 ] | [14,42] | ||||||
Kenaf | Cannabinus de hibiscoHibiscus cannabinus | 65,7–63,5 | 65.7–63.5 | 17,6-15,3 | 17.6–15.3 | 21,6-12,7 | 21.6–12.7 | 4.0–2.0 | |||||||||
Bambú | Bamboo | 1.1–0.6 | 140–600 | 89–48 | _ | [ 8 , 61 , 63 ] | [8,61,63] | 2.2-1.0 | 2.2–1.0 | [ 13 , 47 ] | [13,47] | ||||||
Linaza | Flax | Linum usitatissimum | 81,0–70,0 | 81.0–70.0 | 20,6-16,7 | 20.6–16.7 | 10.0–3.0 | _ | _ | [ 11 , 43 ] | [11,43] | ||||||
Ramina | Ramie | Boehmeria nivea | 73,0–69,8 | 73.0–69.8 | 14.0–9.6 | 3,9–1,6 | 3.9–1.6 | _ | _ | [ | 44 | 44 | ,47 | , | ,48 | 47 , 48 ] | [] |
Sisal | Agave sisalana | 75,0–65,0 | 75.0–65.0 | 13,9-10,0 | 13.9–10.0 | 10.0–7.6 | _ | 1.0–0.4 | [ 42 , 49 , 50 ] | [42,49,50] |
Fibras naturales | Natural Fibers | Densidad (g / cm 3 ) | Density (g/cm3) | Tracción de resistencia (Mpa) |
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