NLatural fibers are flexible filaments fibras naturales son filamentos flexibles extracted from renewable sources, with ídos de fuentes renovables, con propiedades complex properties due to the widejas debido a las amplias variations in the chemical and ciones en la composición química y estructural composition of cellulosede celulosa, lignina, hemicellulose, fatty acidslulosa, ácidos grasos, pectins, and other as y otras estructures linked byas unidas por enlaces de hidrógeno intermolecular hydrogen bonds and forces ofes y fuerzas de Van der Waals forming. formando microfibrils with parallel arrangementllas con disposición paralela.
Natural Fibers | Fibras naturales | Scientific Name | Nombre científico | Cellulose (%) | Celulosa (%) | Hemicellulose (%) | Hemicelulosa (%) | Lignin (%) | Lignina (%) | Extractive (%) | Extractivo (%) | Ashes (%) | Cenizas (%) | Author, Year | Autor, año |
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Sugar cane | Caña de azúcar | Saccharum officinarum | 46.6–45.1 | 46,6–45,1 | 25.5–25.0 | 25,5-25,0 | 20.7–14.1 | 20,7–14,1 | 29.4–2.7 | 29,4-2,7 |
Natural Fibers | Fibras naturales | Density (g/cm3) | Densidad (g / cm 3 ) | Endurance Traction (Mpa) | Tracción de resistencia (Mpa) | Tension Module (Gpa) | Módulo de tensión (Gpa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Alargamiento a la rotura (%) | Author, Year | Autor, año |
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8.0–2.6 | 8.0-2.6 | [ | 1 | ] | [ | [ | 8] | 13 , 39 ] | |||
Pineapple | Piña | Ananas comosus | 81.2–45.0 | 81,2–45,0 |
Wood | Madera | 0.50–1.4 | 0,50–1,4 | 130–64 | 70–7 | _ | [31] | [ | [32] | 56 , 57 ] | |||||||||||||||||
50.0–12.3 | 50,0-12,3 | 30.0–3.4 | 30,0-3,4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flax | Linaza | 1.5–1.4 | 1,5–1,4 | _ | 650–250 | 70–27 | 70-27 | 3.2–2.3 | [33] | [ | [34] | 6 | [29] | , | [31 | _ | ] | 8 , 10 , 56 ] | [9] | [ | [10] | 2 , 40 ] | |||||
Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 60.0–10.0 | 60,0-10,0 | 19.0–16.0 | 19,0-16,0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Hemp | Cáñamo | 1.6–1.4 | 19.0–5.0 | 19,0–5,0 | 690–630 | 70.0–45 | 70,0–45 | 3.0–1.6 | 3,0-1,6 | 9.6–2.0 | 9,6-2,0 | [14] | [ | [35] | 43 | [36] | , 58 , | 11.0–1.2 | 11,0-1,2 | 59 ] | [10] | [ | [11] | 40 , 41 ] | |||
Hemp | Cáñamo | Cannabis sativa | 72.0–68.0 | 72,0–68,0 | 15.0–10.0 | 10.0–3.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Jute | Yute | 1.5–1.3 | 1,5–1,3 | 773–325 | 55–26 | _ | 55-26 | 2.5–1.5 | 2,5–1,5 | [34] | [ | [31] | 8 | [37] | , 56 , | 5.8–2.3 | 5,8–2,3 | 60 ] | [12] | [ | [13] | 11 , 42 ] | |||||
Coconut | Coco | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coconut | CocoCocos nucifera | 1.5–1.2 | 1,5–1,2 | 53.0–43.0 | 53,0–43,0 | 14.7–1.0 | 14,7-1,0 | 45.0–38.4 | 45,0–38,4 | 180–146 | _ | 180-146 | 6–3 | 30.0–27.5 | 30,0-27,5_ | [33] | [ | [14] | 6 | [31] | , 43 , 56 ] | [13] | [ | [14] | 42 | [15] | , 43 , 44 ] |
Jute | Yute | Corchorus capsularis | 72.0–60.0 | 72,0–60,0 | 22.1–13.0 | 22,1-13,0 | 15.9–13.0 | 15.9-13.0 | _ | 3.0–2.5 | 3,0-2,5 | [12] | |||||||||||||||
Cotton | Algodón | [ | [ | 1.6–1.5 | 310–191 | 310-191 | 13] | 11 , 42 ] | |||||||||||||||||||
12–5 | 8.0–7.0 | [ | 34 | ] | [ | [31] | 8 | [36] | , 56 , 59 ] | Oil palm | Aceite de palma | Elaeis guineensis | 45.0–28.2 | 45,0-28,2 | 18.8–12.7 | 18,8-12,7 | 49.5–9.4 | 49,5–9,4 | 7.13–2.0 | ||||||||
Sisal | 7,13–2,0 | 1.2–1.5 | 430–335 | 22–9 | 8.0–2.5 | 8.0-2.5 | [33] | [ | [29] | 6 | [36] | , 10 , 59 ] | [16] | [ | [17] | 45 , 46 ] | |||||||||||
Wheat | Trigo | Triticum | 43.2–60.5 | 43,2–60,5 | 34.1–20.8 | 34,1-20,8 | 22.0–9.0 | 22,0–9,0 | _ | ||||||||||||||||||
Kenaf | 1.5–1.4 | 1,5–1,4 | 930–641 | 53–36 | 1.6–3.5 | 1,6–3,5 | [30] | [ | [38] | 55 | [395.7–5.6 | 5,7–5,6 | ] | , 61 , 62 ] | [18] | [ | [13] | 14 , 42 ] | |||||||||
Kenaf | Hibiscus cannabinusCannabinus de hibisco | 65.7–63.5 | 65,7–63,5 | 17.6–15.3 | 17,6-15,3 | 21.6–12.7 | 21,6-12,7 | 4.0–2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bamboo | Bambú | 1.1–0.6 | 140–600 | 89–48 | _ | [34] | [ | [38] | 8 | [40] | , 61 , 63 | 2.2–1.0 | 2.2-1.0 | ] | [1] | [ | [19] | 13 , 47 ] | |||||||||
Flax | Linaza | Linum usitatissimum | 81.0–70.0 | 81,0–70,0 | 20.6–16.7 | 20,6-16,7 | 10.0–3.0 | _ | _ | [12] | [ | [14] | 11 , 43 ] | ||||||||||||||
Ramie | Ramina | Boehmeria nivea | 73.0–69.8 | 73,0–69,8 | 14.0–9.6 | 3.9–1.6 | 3,9–1,6 | _ | _ | [15] | [ | [19] | 44 | [20] | , 47 , 48 ] | ||||||||||||
Sisal | Agave sisalana | 75.0–65.0 | 75,0–65,0 | 13.9–10.0 | 13,9-10,0 | 10.0–7.6 | _ | 1.0–0.4 | [13] | [ | [21] | 42 | [22] | , 49 , 50 ] |