Lignin Biopolymer in Biomaterials Synthesis: Comparison
View Latest Version
Please note this is a comparison between Version 2 by Vivi Li and Version 3 by Vivi Li.
Lignin is one of the wood and plant cell wall components that is available in large quantities in nature. Its polyphenolic chemical structure has been of interest for valorization and industrial application studies. Lignin can be obtained from wood by various delignification chemical processes, which give it a structure and specific properties that will depend on the plant species. Due to the versatility and chemical diversity of lignin, the chemical industry has focused on its use as a viable alternative of renewable raw material for the synthesis of new and sustainable biomaterials. 
  • lignin
  • pulping processes
  • lignin valorization
  • biocomposites
  • sustainable materials
  • biomaterials
  • 3D-printing
  • biopolymer
Please wait, diff process is still running!

References

  1. Laurichesse, S.; Avérous, L. Chemical Modification of Lignins: Towards Biobased Polymers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2014, 39, 1266–1290.
  2. Abdelaziz, O.Y.; Brink, D.P.; Prothmann, J.; Ravi, K.; Sun, M.; García-Hidalgo, J.; Sandahl, M.; Hulteberg, C.P.; Turner, C.; Lidén, G.; et al. Biological Valorization of Low Molecular Weight Lignin. Biotechnol. Adv. 2016, 34, 1318–1346.
  3. Lange, H.; Decina, S.; Crestini, C. Oxidative Upgrade of Lignin—Recent Routes Reviewed. Eur. Polym. J. 2013, 49, 1151–1173.
  4. Gall, D.L.; Ralph, J.; Donohue, T.J.; Noguera, D.R. Biochemical Transformation of Lignin for Deriving Valued Commodities from Lignocellulose. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2017, 45, 120–126.
  5. Mimini, V.; Sykacek, E.; Hashim, S.N.A.; Holzweber, J.; Hettegger, H.; Fackler, K.; Potthast, A.; Mundigler, N.; Rosenau, T. Compatibility of Kraft Lignin, Organosolv Lignin and Lignosulfonate with PLA in 3D Printing. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 2019, 39, 14–30.
  6. Tanase-Opedal, M.; Espinosa, E.; Rodríguez, A.; Chinga-Carrasco, G. Lignin: A Biopolymer from Forestry Biomass for Biocomposites and 3D Printing. Materials 2019, 12, 3006.
  7. Wang, H.; Pu, Y.; Ragauskas, A.; Yang, B. From Lignin to Valuable Products—Strategies, Challenges, and Prospects. Bioresour. Technol. 2019, 271, 449–461.
  8. Upton, B.M.; Kasko, A.M. Strategies for the Conversion of Lignin to High-Value Polymeric Materials: Review and Perspective. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 2275–2306.
  9. Constant, S.; Wienk, H.L.J.; Frissen, A.E.; de Peinder, P.; Boelens, R.; van Es, D.S.; Grisel, R.J.H.; Weckhuysen, B.M.; Huijgen, W.J.J.; Gosselink, R.J.A.; et al. New Insights into the Structure and Composition of Technical Lignins: A Comparative Characterization Study. Green Chem. 2016, 18, 2651–2665.
  10. Naseem, A.; Tabasum, S.; Zia, K.M.; Zuber, M.; Ali, M.; Noreen, A. Lignin-Derivatives Based Polymers, Blends and Composites: A Review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2016, 93, 296–313.
  11. Ragauskas, A.J.; Beckham, G.T.; Biddy, M.J.; Chandra, R.; Chen, F.; Davis, M.F.; Davison, B.H.; Dixon, R.A.; Gilna, P.; Keller, M.; et al. Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery. Science 2014, 344.
  12. Kun, D.; Pukánszky, B. Polymer/Lignin Blends: Interactions, Properties, Applications. Eur. Polym. J. 2017, 93, 618–641.
  13. Zinovyev, G.; Sumerskii, I.; Korntner, P.; Sulaeva, I.; Rosenau, T.; Potthast, A. Molar Mass-Dependent Profiles of Functional Groups and Carbohydrates in Kraft Lignin. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 2017, 37, 171–183.
  14. Hodásová, L.; Jablonský, M.; Škulcová, A.; Ház, A. Lignin, Potential Products and Their Market Value. Wood Res. 2015, 60, 973–986.
  15. Gauss, C.; Pickering, K.L.; Muthe, L.P. The Use of Cellulose in Bio-derived Formulations for 3D/4D printing: A review. Compos. Part C Open Access 2021, 4, 100113.
  16. Limayem, A.; Ricke, S.C. Lignocellulosic Biomass for Bioethanol Production: Current Perspectives, Potential Issues and Future Prospects. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2012, 38, 449–467.
  17. Doherty, W.O.S.; Mousavioun, P.; Fellows, C.M. Value-Adding to Cellulosic Ethanol: Lignin Polymers. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2011, 33, 259–276.
  18. Xu, C.; Arancon, R.A.D.; Labidi, J.; Luque, R. Lignin Depolymerisation Strategies: Towards Valuable Chemicals and Fuels. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 7485–7500.
  19. Boerjan, W.; Ralph, J.; Baucher, M. Lignin Biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2003, 54, 519–546.
  20. Bonawitz, N.D.; Chapple, C. The Genetics of Lignin Biosynthesis: Connecting Genotype to Phenotype. Annu. Rev. Genet. 2010, 44, 337–363.
  21. Peretti, S.; Barton, R.; Mendonça, R. Lignin as Feedstock for Fibers and Chemicals. In Commercializing Biobased Products: Opportunities, Challenges, Benefits, and Risks; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, UK, 2016; pp. 132–165.
  22. Ralph, J.; Lundquist, K.; Brunow, G.; Lu, F.; Kim, H.; Schatz, P.F.; Marita, J.M.; Hatfield, R.D.; Ralph, S.A.; Christensen, J.H.; et al. Lignins: Natural Polymers from Oxidative Coupling of 4-Hydroxyphenyl- Propanoids. Phytochem. Rev. 2004, 3, 29–60.
  23. Ralph, J. Hydroxycinnamates in Lignification. Phytochem. Rev. 2010, 9, 65–83.
  24. Abdel-Hamid, A.M.; Solbiati, J.O.; Cann, I.K.O. Insights into Lignin Degradation and Its Potential Industrial Applications. In Advances in Applied Microbiology; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2013; Volume 82, pp. 1–28.
  25. Rencoret, J.; Gutiérrez, A.; Nieto, L.; Jiménez-Barbero, J.; Faulds, C.B.; Kim, H.; Ralph, J.; Martínez, Á.T.; del Río, J.C. Lignin Composition and Structure in Young versus Adult Eucalyptus globulus Plants on JSTOR. Plant. Physiol. 2011, 155, 667–682.
  26. Saito, K.; Horikawa, Y.; Sugiyama, J.; Watanabe, T.; Kobayashi, Y.; Takabe, K. Effect of Thermochemical Pretreatment on Lignin Alteration and Cell Wall Microstructural Degradation in Eucalyptus globulus: Comparison of Acid, Alkali, and Water Pretreatments. J. Wood Sci. 2016, 62, 276–284.
  27. Calvo-Flores, F.G.; Dobado, J.A. Lignin as Renewable Raw Material. ChemSusChem 2010, 3, 1227–1235.
  28. Li, C.; Zhao, X.; Wang, A.; Huber, G.W.; Zhang, T. Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 11559–11624.
  29. Thakur, V.K.; Thakur, M.K. Recent Advances in Green Hydrogels from Lignin: A Review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 72, 834–847.
  30. Zakzeski, J.; Bruijnincx, P.C.A.; Jongerius, A.L.; Weckhuysen, B.M. The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3552–3599.
  31. Galkin, M.V.; Samec, J.S.M. Lignin Valorization through Catalytic Lignocellulose Fractionation: A Fundamental Platform for the Future Biorefinery. ChemSusChem 2016, 9, 1544–1558.
  32. Çetin, N.S.; Özmen, N. Use of Organosolv Lignin in Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins for Particleboard Production: II. Particleboard Production and Properties. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2002, 22, 481–486.
  33. Zhang, W.; Ma, Y.; Wang, C.; Li, S.; Zhang, M.; Chu, F. Preparation and Properties of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Based on Different Biorefinery Residues of Agricultural Biomass. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2013, 43, 326–333.
  34. Qiao, W.; Li, S.; Guo, G.; Han, S.; Ren, S.; Ma, Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2015, 21, 1417–1422.
  35. Kalami, S.; Arefmanesh, M.; Master, E.; Nejad, M. Replacing 100% of Phenol in Phenolic Adhesive Formulations with Lignin. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45124.
  36. Raquez, J.M.; Deléglise, M.; Lacrampe, M.F.; Krawczak, P. Thermosetting (Bio)Materials Derived from Renewable Resources: A Critical Review. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2010, 35, 487–509.
  37. Wang, M.; Leitch, M.; Xu, C. Synthesis of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resol Resins Using Organosolv Pine Lignins. Eur. Polym. J. 2009, 45, 3380–3388.
  38. Jing, Z.; Lihong, H.; Bingchuan, L.; Caiying, B.; Puyou, J.; Yonghong, Z. Preparation and Characterization of Novolac Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins with Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2015, 54, 178–182.
  39. El Mansouri, N.E.E.; Salvadó, J. Structural Characterization of Technical Lignins for the Production of Adhesives: Application to Lignosulfonate, Kraft, Soda-Anthraquinone, Organosolv and Ethanol Process Lignins. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2006, 24, 8–16.
  40. Pang, B.; Yang, S.; Fang, W.; Yuan, T.Q.; Argyropoulos, D.S.; Sun, R.C. Structure-Property Relationships for Technical Lignins for the Production of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2017, 108, 316–326.
  41. El Mansouri, N.E.; Yuan, Q.; Huang, F. Synthesis and Characterization of Kraft Lignin-Based Epoxy Resins. BioResources 2011, 6, 2492–2503.
  42. Li, K.; Geng, X. Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesives from Decayed Wood. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2005, 26, 529–532.
  43. Jang, Y.; Huang, J.; Li, K. A New Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesive from Renewable Materials. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2011, 31, 754–759.
  44. Gong, X.; Liu, T.; Yu, S.; Meng, Y.; Lu, J.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, H. The Preparation and Performance of a Novel Lignin-Based Adhesive without Formaldehyde. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2020, 153, 112593.
  45. Liu, Y.; Li, K. Preparation and Characterization of Demethylated Lignin-Polyethylenimine Adhesives. J. Adhes. 2006, 82, 593–605.
  46. Younesi-Kordkheili, H.; Pizzi, A. Improving the Properties of Urea-Lignin-Glyoxal Resin as a Wood Adhesive by Small Addition of Epoxy. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2020, 102, 102681.
  47. Törnvall, U.; Orellana-Coca, C.; Hatti-Kaul, R.; Adlercreutz, D. Stability of Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B during Chemo-Enzymatic Epoxidation of Fatty Acids. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2007, 40, 447–451.
  48. Aouf, C.; Lecomte, J.; Villeneuve, P.; Dubreucq, E.; Fulcrand, H. Chemo-Enzymatic Functionalization of Gallic and Vanillic Acids: Synthesis of Bio-Based Epoxy Resins Prepolymers. Green Chem. 2012, 14, 2328–2336.
  49. Vásquez-Garay, F.; Mendonça, R.T.; Peretti, S.W. Chemoenzymatic Lignin Valorization: Production of Epoxidized Pre-Polymers Using Candida Antarctica Lipase B. Enzym. Microb. Technol. 2018, 112, 6–13.
  50. Vandenberg, L.N.; Hauser, R.; Marcus, M.; Olea, N.; Welshons, W.V. Human Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA). Reprod. Toxicol. 2007, 24, 139–177.
  51. Huang, Y.Q.; Wong, C.K.C.; Zheng, J.S.; Bouwman, H.; Barra, R.; Wahlström, B.; Neretin, L.; Wong, M.H. Bisphenol A (BPA) in China: A Review of Sources, Environmental Levels, and Potential Human Health Impacts. Environ. Int. 2012, 42, 91–99.
  52. Aouf, C.; Nouailhas, H.; Fache, M.; Caillol, S.; Boutevin, B.; Fulcrand, H. Multi-Functionalization of Gallic Acid. Synthesis of a Novel Bio-Based Epoxy Resin. Eur. Polym. J. 2013, 49, 1185–1195.
  53. Maćczak, A.; Bukowska, B.; Michalowicz, J. Comparative Study of the Effect of BPA and Its Selected Analogues on Hemoglobin Oxidation, Morphological Alterations and Hemolytic Changes in Human Erythrocytes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2015, 176, 62–70.
  54. Chua, S.C.; Xu, X.; Guo, Z. Emerging Sustainable Technology for Epoxidation Directed toward Plant Oil-Based Plasticizers. Process. Biochem. 2012, 47, 1439–1451.
  55. Jablonskis, A.; Arshanitsa, A.; Arnautov, A.; Telysheva, G.; Evtuguin, D. Evaluation of Ligno BoostTM Softwood Kraft Lignin Epoxidation as an Approach for Its Application in Cured Epoxy Resins. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2018, 112, 225–235.
  56. Mahmood, N.; Yuan, Z.; Schmidt, J.; Xu, C. Depolymerization of Lignins and Their Applications for the Preparation of Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams: A Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016, 60, 317–329.
  57. Gómez-Fernández, S.; Ugarte, L.; Calvo-Correas, T.; Peña-Rodríguez, C.; Corcuera, M.A.; Eceiza, A. Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Containing Isocyanate Functionalized Kraft Lignin. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2017, 100, 51–64.
  58. Pan, X.; Saddler, J.N. Effect of Replacing Polyol by Organosolv and Kraft Lignin on the Property and Structure of Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Biotechnol. Biofuels 2013, 6, 12.
  59. Li, Y.; Ragauskas, A.J. Kraft Lignin-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 2012, 32, 210–224.
  60. de Oliveira, F.; Ramires, E.C.; Frollini, E.; Belgacem, M.N. Lignopolyurethanic Materials Based on Oxypropylated Sodium Lignosulfonate and Castor Oil Blends. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2015, 72, 77–86.
  61. Figueiredo, P.; Lintinen, K.; Hirvonen, J.T.; Kostiainen, M.A.; Santos, H.A. Properties and Chemical Modifications of Lignin: Towards Lignin-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2018, 93, 233–269.
  62. Kadla, J.F.; Kubo, S.; Venditti, R.A.; Gilbert, R.D.; Compere, A.L.; Griffith, W. Lignin-Based Carbon Fibers for Composite Fiber Applications. Carbon 2002, 40, 2913–2920.
  63. Hosseinaei, O.; Harper, D.P.; Bozell, J.J.; Rials, T.G. Improving Processing and Performance of Pure Lignin Carbon Fibers through Hardwood and Herbaceous Lignin Blends. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1410.
  64. Liu, D.; Ouyang, Q.; Jiang, X.; Ma, H.; Chen, Y.; He, L. Thermal Properties and Thermal Stabilization of Lignosulfonate-Acrylonitrile-Itaconic Acid Terpolymer for Preparation of Carbon Fiber. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2018, 150, 57–66.
  65. Liu, H.C.; Chien, A.T.; Newcomb, B.A.; Liu, Y.; Kumar, S. Processing, Structure, and Properties of Lignin- and CNT-Incorporated Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fibers. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2015, 3, 1943–1954.
  66. Ciolacu, D.; Oprea, A.M.; Anghel, N.; Cazacu, G.; Cazacu, M. New Cellulose–Lignin Hydrogels and Their Application in Controlled Release of Polyphenols. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2012, 32, 452–463.
  67. Flores-Céspedes, F.; Martínez-Domínguez, G.P.; Villafranca-Sánchez, M.; Fernández-Pérez, M. Preparation and Characterization of Azadirachtin Alginate-Biosorbent Based Formulations: Water Release Kinetics and Photodegradation Study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2015, 63, 8391–8398.
  68. Mazloom, N.; Khorassani, R.; Zohury, G.H.; Emami, H.; Whalen, J. Lignin-Based Hydrogel Alleviates Drought Stress in Maize. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2020, 175, 104055.
  69. Lv, T.; Yang, H.; Zhang, R.; Fan, W.; Xu, Y.; Cao, H.; Ning, L.; Zhou, C.; Wang, L. Effects of Lignin on Root Activity and Soil Nutrients of Malus hupehensis. Var. Pingyiensis under the Use of Organic Fertilizer. Agric. Sci. 2017, 8, 341–347.
  70. Gordobil, O.; Delucis, R.; Egüés, I.; Labidi, J. Kraft Lignin as Filler in PLA to Improve Ductility and Thermal Properties. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2015, 72, 46–53.
  71. Vaidya, A.A.; Collet, C.; Gaugler, M.; Lloyd-Jones, G. Integrating Softwood Biorefinery Lignin into Polyhydroxybutyrate Composites and Application in 3D Printing. Mater. Today Commun. 2019, 19, 286–296.
  72. Nguyen, N.A.; Barnes, S.H.; Bowland, C.C.; Meek, K.M.; Littrell, K.C.; Keum, J.K.; Naskar, A.K. A Path for Lignin Valorization via Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Sustainable Composites with Enhanced 3D Printability. Sci. Adv. 2018, 4, eaat4967.
  73. Cataldi, A.; Rigotti, D.; Nguyen, V.D.H.; Pegoretti, A. Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforced with Crystalline Nanocellulose for 3D Printing Application. Mater. Today Commun. 2018, 15, 236–244.
  74. Domínguez-Robles, J.; Martin, N.; Fong, M.; Stewart, S.; Irwin, N.; Rial-Hermida, M.; Donnelly, R.; Larrañeta, E. Antioxidant PLA Composites Containing Lignin for 3D Printing Applications: A Potential Material for Healthcare Applications. Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 165.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback