References

1. Bray, F.; Ferlay, J.; Soerjomataram, I.; Siegel, R.L.; Torre, L.A.; Jemal, A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018, 68, 394–424.
2. Van Cutsem, E.; Sagaert, X.; Topal, B.; Haustermans, K.; Prenen, H. Gastric cancer. Lancet 2016, 388, 2654–2664.
3. Arnold, M.; Park, J.Y.; Camargo, M.C.; Lunet, N.; Forman, D.; Soerjomataram, I. Is gastric cancer becoming a rare disease? A global assessment of predicted incidence trends to 2035. Gut 2020, 69, 823–829.
4. Laurén, P. The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 1965, 64, 31–49.
5. Adam, B.; Pech, O.; Steckstor, M.; Tannapfel, A.; Riphaus, A. Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma. Video J. Encycl. GI Endosc. 2013, 1, 174–175.
6. Sanon, M.; Taylor, D.C.; Coombs, J.D.; Sirulnik, L.; Rubin, J.L.; Bollu, V. Epidemiology, survival, and costs of localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Int. J. Gen. Med. 2011, 4, 121–130.
7. Que, J.; Garman, K.S.; Souza, R.F.; Spechler, S.J. Pathogenesis and Cells of Origin of Barrett’s Esophagus. Gastroenterology 2019, 157, 349–364.e1.
8. Shaheen, N.J.; E Richter, J. Barrett’s oesophagus. Lancet 2009, 373, 850–861.
9. Correa, P.; Piazuelo, M.B.; Wilson, K.T. Pathology of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Clinical Implications. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2010, 105, 493–498.
10. Leung, W.K. Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Intestinal Metaplasia in First-Degree Relatives of Gastric Cancer Patients. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2005, 14, 2982–2986.
11. Uemura, N.; Okamoto, S.; Yamamoto, S.; Matsumura, N.; Yamaguchi, S.; Yamakido, M.; Taniyama, K.; Sasaki, N.; Schlemper, R.J. Helicobacter pyloriInfection and the Development of Gastric Cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 345, 784–789.
12. Wang, Z.; Kambhampati, S.; Cheng, Y.; Ma, K.; Simsek, C.; Tieu, A.H.; Abraham, J.M.; Liu, X.; Prasath, V.; Duncan, M.; et al. Methylation Biomarker Panel Performance in EsophaCap Cytology Samples for Diagnosing Barrett’s Esophagus: A Prospective Validation Study. Clin. Cancer Res. 2019, 25, 2127–2135.
13. Fitzgerald, R.C.; Di Pietro, M.; O’Donovan, M.; Maroni, R.; Muldrew, B.; Debiram-Beecham, I.; Gehrung, M.; Offman, J.; Tripathi, M.; Smith, S.G.; et al. Cytosponge-trefoil factor 3 versus usual care to identify Barrett’s oesophagus in a primary care setting: A multicentre, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2020, 396, 333–344.
14. Yamamoto, H.; Watanabe, Y.; Sato, Y.; Maehata, T.; Itoh, F. Non-Invasive Early Molecular Detection of Gastric Cancers. Cancers 2020, 12, 2880.
15. Desai, M.; Saligram, S.; Gupta, N.; Vennalaganti, P.; Bansal, A.; Choudhary, A.; Vennelaganti, S.; He, J.; Titi, M.; Maselli, R.; et al. Efficacy and safety outcomes of multimodal endoscopic eradication therapy in Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia: A systematic review and pooled analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2017, 85, 482–495.e4.
16. Waddingham, W.; Nieuwenburg, S.A.V.; Carlson, S.; Rodriguez-Justo, M.; Spaander, M.; Kuipers, E.J.; Jansen, M.; Graham, D.G.; Banks, M. Recent advances in the detection and management of early gastric cancer and its precursors. Front. Gastroenterol. 2020.
17. Pimentel-Nunes, P.; Dinis-Ribeiro, M.; Soares, J.B.; Marcos-Pinto, R.; Santos, C.; Rolanda, C.; Bastos, R.P.; Areia, M.; Afonso, L.; Bergman, J.; et al. A multicenter validation of an endoscopic classification with narrow band imaging for gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions. Endoscopy 2012, 44, 236–246.
18. Sharma, P.; Hawes, R.H.; Bansal, A.; Gupta, N.; Curvers, W.; Rastogi, A.; Singh, M.; Hall, M.; Mathur, S.C.; Wani, S.; et al. Standard endoscopy with random biopsies versus narrow band imaging targeted biopsies in Barrett’s oesophagus: a prospective, international, randomised controlled trial. Gut 2012, 62, 15–21.
19. Ajani, J.A.; D’Amico, T.A.; Bentrem, D.J.; Chao, J.; Corvera, C.; Das, P.; Denlinger, C.S.; Enzinger, P.C.; Fanta, P.; Farjah, F.; et al. Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Cancers, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw. 2019, 17, 855–883.
20. Song, B.G.; Min, Y.W.; Cha, R.R.; Lee, H.; Min, B.-H.; Lee, J.H.; Rhee, P.-L.; Kim, J.J. Endoscopic submucosal dissection under general anesthesia for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with better clinical outcomes. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018, 18, 80.
21. Van Hagen, P.; Spaander, M.C.W.; Van Der Gaast, A.; Van Rij, C.M.; Tilanus, H.W.; Van Lanschot, J.J.B.; Wijnhoven, B.P.L. Impact of a multidisciplinary tumour board meeting for upper-GI malignancies on clinical decision making: A prospective cohort study. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2011, 18, 214–219.
22. Basta, Y.L.; Bolle, S.; Fockens, P.; Tytgat, K.M.A.J. The Value of Multidisciplinary Team Meetings for Patients with Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Systematic Review. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2017, 24, 2669–2678.
23. Subasinghe, D.; Acott, N.; Kumarasinghe, M.P. A survival guide to HER2 testing in gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2019, 90, 44–54.
24. Turner, E.S.; Turner, J.R. Expanding the Lauren Classification: A New Gastric Cancer Subtype? Gastroenterology 2013, 145, 505–508.
25. Watanabe, M. Risk factors and molecular mechanisms of esophageal cancer: differences between the histologic subtype. J. Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2015.
26. Abnet, C.C.; Arnold, M.; Wei, W. Epidemiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2018, 154, 360–373.
27. Arnold, M.; Soerjomataram, I.; Ferlay, J.; Forman, D. Global incidence of oesophageal cancer by histological subtype in 2012. Gut 2015, 64, 381–387.
28. Cook, M.B.; Chow, W.-H.; Devesa, S.S. Oesophageal cancer incidence in the United States by race, sex, and histologic type, 1977–2005. Br. J. Cancer 2009, 101, 855–859.
29. Coleman, H.G.; Xie, S.-H.; Lagergren, J. The Epidemiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2018, 154, 390–405.
30. Eluri, S.; Shaheen, N.J. Barrett’s esophagus: Diagnosis and management. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2017, 85, 889–903.
31. Ireland, C.J.; Thompson, S.K.; Laws, T.A.; Esterman, A. Risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus: A scoping review. Cancer Causes Control. 2016, 27, 301–323.
32. Sharma, P.; Shaheen, N.J.; Katzka, D.; Bergman, J.J. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Endoscopic Treatment of Barrett’s Esophagus With Dysplasia and/or Early Cancer: Expert Review. Gastroenterology 2020, 158, 760–769.
33. Bhat, S.; Coleman, H.G.; Yousef, F.; Johnston, B.T.; McManus, D.T.; Gavin, A.T.; Murray, L.J. Risk of Malignant Progression in Barrett’s Esophagus Patients: Results from a Large Population-Based Study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2011, 103, 1049–1057.
34. Shaheen, N.J.; Sharma, P.; Overholt, B.F.; Wolfsen, H.C.; Sampliner, R.E.; Wang, K.K.; Galanko, J.A.; Bronner, M.P.; Goldblum, J.R.; Bennett, A.E.; et al. Radiofrequency Ablation in Barrett’s Esophagus with Dysplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2009, 360, 2277–2288.
35. Shaheen, N.J.; Falk, G.W.; Iyer, P.G.; Gerson, L.B. ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Barrett’s Esophagus. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2016, 111, 30–50.
36. Furneri, G.; Klausnitzer, R.; Haycock, L.; Ihara, Z. Economic value of narrow-band imaging versus white light endoscopy for the diagnosis and surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus: Cost-consequence model. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0212916.
37. Xiong, Y.-Q.; Ma, S.-J.; Hu, H.-Y.; Ge, J.; Zhou, L.-Z.; Huo, S.-T.; Qiu, M.; Chen, Q. Comparison of narrow-band imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy for the detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: A meta-analysis. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol. 2018, 42, 31–39.
38. Puli, S.R.; Reddy, J.B.; Bechtold, M.L.; Antillon, D.; A Ibdah, J.; Antillon, M.R. Staging accuracy of esophageal cancer by endoscopic ultrasound: A meta-analysis and systematic review. World J. Gastroenterol. 2008, 14, 1479–1490.
39. Qumseya, B.J.; Wolfsen, H.C. The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Management of Patients with Barrett’s Esophagus and Superficial Neoplasia. Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. North Am. 2017, 27, 471–480.
40. Thosani, N.; Singh, H.; Kapadia, A.; Ochi, N.; Lee, J.H.; Ajani, J.; Swisher, S.G.; Hofstetter, W.L.; Guha, S.; Bhutani, M.S. Diagnostic accuracy of EUS in differentiating mucosal versus submucosal invasion of superficial esophageal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2012, 75, 242–253.
41. Luo, L.-N.; He, L.-J.; Gao, X.-Y.; Huang, X.-X.; Shan, H.-B.; Luo, G.-Y.; Li, Y.; Lin, S.-Y.; Wang, G.-B.; Zhang, R.; et al. Endoscopic Ultrasound for Preoperative Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE 2016, 11, e0158373.
42. Flamen, P.; Lerut, A.; Van Cutsem, E.; De Wever, W.; Peeters, M.; Stroobants, S.; Dupont, P.; Bormans, G.; Hiele, M.; De Leyn, P.; et al. Utility of Positron Emission Tomography for the Staging of Patients With Potentially Operable Esophageal Carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2000, 18, 3202–3210.
43. Goodman, K.A.; Niedzwiecki, D.; Hall, N.; Bekaii-Saab, T.S.; Ye, X.; Meyers, M.O.; Mitchell-Richards, K.; Boffa, D.J.; Frankel, W.L.; Venook, A.P.; et al. Initial results of CALGB 80803 (Alliance): A randomized phase II trial of PET scan-directed combined modality therapy for esophageal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2017, 35, 1.
44. Johnston, M.H.; Eastone, J.A.; Horwhat, J.; Cartledge, J.; Mathews, J.S.; Foggy, J.R. Cryoablation of Barrett’s esophagus: A pilot study. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2005, 62, 842–848.
45. Phoa, K.N.; Van Vilsteren, F.G.I.; Weusten, B.L.; Bisschops, R.; Schoon, E.J.; Ragunath, K.; Fullarton, G.; Di Pietro, M.; Ravi, N.; Visser, M.; et al. Radiofrequency Ablation vs Endoscopic Surveillance for Patients With Barrett Esophagus and Low-Grade Dysplasia. JAMA 2014, 311, 1209–1217.
46. Cotton, C.C.; Wolf, W.A.; Overholt, B.F.; Li, N.; Lightdale, C.J.; Wolfsen, H.C.; Pasricha, S.; Wang, K.K.; Shaheen, N.J.; Sampliner, R.E.; et al. Late Recurrence of Barrett’s Esophagus After Complete Eradication of Intestinal Metaplasia is Rare: Final Report From Ablation in Intestinal Metaplasia Containing Dysplasia Trial. Gastroenterology 2017, 153, 681–688.e2.
47. Manner, H.; Pech, O.; Heldmann, Y.; May, A.; Pohl, J.; Behrens, A.; Gossner, L.; Stolte, M.; Vieth, M.; Ell, C. Efficacy, Safety, and Long-term Results of Endoscopic Treatment for Early Stage Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus With Low-risk sm1 Invasion. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013, 11, 630–635.
48. Conio, M.; Repici, A.; Cestari, R.; Blanchi, S.; Lapertosa, G.; Missale, G.; Della Casa, D.; Villanacci, V.; Calandri, P.G.; Filiberti, R. Endoscopic mucosal resection for high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus: An Italian experience. World J. Gastroenterol. 2005, 11, 6650–6655.
49. Bourke, M.J. Mucosal resection in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Tech. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2010, 12, 18–25.
50. Moss, A.; Bourke, M.J.; Hourigan, L.F.; Gupta, S.; Swan, M.P.; Hopper, A.D.; Kwan, V.; Bailey, A.; Williams, S.J. Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) for Barrett’s High Grade Dysplasia (HGD) and Early Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC): An Essential Staging Procedure with Long-Term Therapeutic Benefit. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2009, 69, AB348.
51. Jin, X.-F.; Chai, T.-H.; Gai, W.; Chen, Z.-S.; Guo, J.-Q. Multiband Mucosectomy Versus Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Treatment of Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Esophagus. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2016, 14, 948–955.
52. Rajaram, R.; Hofstetter, W.L. Mucosal Ablation Techniques for Barrett’s Esophagus and Early Esophageal Cancer. Thorac. Surg. Clin. 2018, 28, 473–480.
53. Inoue, H.; Endo, M.; Takeshita, K.; Yoshino, K.; Muraoka, Y.; Yoneshima, H. A new simplified technique of endoscopic esophageal mucosal resection using a cap-fitted panendoscope (EMRC). Surg. Endosc. 1992, 6, 264–265.
54. Espinel, J.; Pinedo, E.; Ojeda, V.; Del Rio, M.G. Multiband mucosectomy for advanced dysplastic lesions in the upper digestive tract. World J. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2015, 7, 370–380.
55. Wani, S.; Qumseya, B.; Sultan, S.; Agrawal, D.; Chandrasekhara, V.; Harnke, B.; Kothari, S.; McCarter, M.; Shaukat, A.; Wang, A.; et al. Endoscopic eradication therapy for patients with Barrett’s esophagus–associated dysplasia and intramucosal cancer. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2018, 87, 907–931.e9.
56. Ahmed, Y.; Othman, M. EMR/ESD: Techniques, Complications, and Evidence. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 2020, 22, 1–12.
57. Davison, J.M.; Landau, M.S.; Luketich, J.D.; McGrath, K.M.; Foxwell, T.J.; Landsittel, D.P.; Gibson, M.K.; Nason, K.S. A Model Based on Pathologic Features of Superficial Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Complements Clinical Node Staging in Determining Risk of Metastasis to Lymph Nodes. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2016, 14, 369–377.e3.
58. Othman, M.O.; Lee, J.H.; Wang, K. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Utility of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in T1b Esophageal Cancer: Expert Review. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2019, 17, 2161–2166.
59. Zhang, Y.; Ding, H.; Chen, T.; Zhang, X.; Chen, W.-F.; Li, Q.; Yao, L.; Korrapati, P.; Jin, X.-J.; Zhang, Y.-X.; et al. Outcomes of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection vs Esophagectomy for T1 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Real-World Cohort. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2019, 17, 73–81.e3.
60. Aadam, A.A.; Abe, S. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer. Dis. Esophagus 2018, 31.
61. Sgourakis, G.; Gockel, I.; Lang, H. Endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/T1b esophageal neoplasms: A systematic review. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013, 19, 1424–1437.
62. Komeda, Y.; Bruno, M.; Koch, A. EMR is not inferior to ESD for early Barrett’s and EGJ neoplasia: An extensive review on outcome, recurrence and complication rates. Endosc. Int. Open 2014, 2, E58–E64.
63. Kaya, D.M.; Harada, K.; Das, P.; Weston, B.; Sagebiel, T.; Thomas, I.; Wang, X.; Murphy, M.A.B.; Minsky, B.D.; Estrella, J.S.; et al. 101 Long-Term Survivors Who Had Metastatic Gastroesophageal Cancer and Received Local Consolidative Therapy. Oncology 2017, 93, 243–248.
64. Berry, M.F. Esophageal cancer: Staging system and guidelines for staging and treatment. J. Thorac. Dis. 2014, 6, S289–S297.
65. van Boxel, G.I.; Kingma, B.F.; Voskens, F.J.; Ruurda, J.P.; van Hillegersberg, R. Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esoph-agectomy: Past, present and future. J. Thorac. Dis. 2020, 12, 54–62.
66. Van Der Sluis, P.C.; Schizas, D.; Liakakos, T.; Van Hillegersberg, R. Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy. Dig. Surg. 2020, 37, 93–100.
67. Tepper, J.; Krasna, M.J.; Niedzwiecki, D.; Hollis, D.; Reed, C.E.; Goldberg, R.; Kiel, K.; Willett, C.; Sugarbaker, D.; Mayer, R. Phase III Trial of Trimodality Therapy With Cisplatin, Fluorouracil, Radiotherapy, and Surgery Compared With Surgery Alone for Esophageal Cancer: CALGB 9781. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008, 26, 1086–1092.
68. Ohtsu, A. Chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer: current status and perspectives. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 2004, 9, 444–450.
69. Jethwa, K.R.; Haddock, M.G.; Tryggestad, E.J.; Hallemeier, C.L. The emerging role of proton therapy for esophagus cancer. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2020, 11, 144–156.
70. Lindenmann, J.; Matzi, V.; Neuboeck, N.; Anegg, U.; Baumgartner, E.; Maier, A.; Smolle, J.; Smolle-Juettner, F.M. Individualized, multimodal palliative treatment of inoperable esophageal cancer: Clinical impact of photodynamic therapy resulting in prolonged survival. Lasers Surg. Med. 2012, 44, 189–198.
71. Lloyd, S.; Chang, B. Current strategies in chemoradiation for esophageal cancer. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2014, 5, 156–165.
72. Xi, M.; Lin, S.H. Recent advances in intensity modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy for esophageal cancer. Expert Rev. Anticancer. Ther. 2017, 17, 635–646.
73. Kole, T.P.; Aghayere, O.; Kwah, J.; Yorke, E.D.; Goodman, K.A. Comparison of Heart and Coronary Artery Doses Associated With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Versus Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Distal Esophageal Cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 2012, 83, 1580–1586.
74. Nutting, C.M.; Bedford, J.L.; Cosgrove, V.P.; Tait, D.M.; Dearnaley, D.; Webb, S. A comparison of conformal and intensity-modulated techniques for oesophageal radiotherapy. Radiother. Oncol. 2001, 61, 157–163.
75. Tonison, J.J.; Fischer, S.G.; Viehrig, M.; Welz, S.; Boeke, S.; Zwirner, K.; Klumpp, B.; Braun, L.H.; Zips, D.; Gani, C. Radiation Pneumonitis after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: Institutional Data and a Systematic Review. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 2255.
76. Pao, T.-H.; Chang, W.-L.; Chiang, N.-J.; Chang, J.S.-M.; Lin, C.-Y.; Lai, W.-W.; Tseng, Y.-L.; Yen, Y.-T.; Chung, T.-J.; Lin, F.-C. Cardiac radiation dose predicts survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated by definitive concurrent chemotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy. Radiat. Oncol. 2020, 15, 1–10.
77. Ogino, I.; Watanabe, S.; Iwahashi, N.; Kosuge, M.; Sakamaki, K.; Kunisaki, C.; Kimura, K. Symptomatic radiation-induced cardiac disease in long-term survivors of esophageal cancer. Strahlenther. Onkol. 2016, 192, 359–367.
78. Wang, X.; Palaskas, N.L.; Yusuf, S.W.; Abe, J.-I.; Lopez-Mattei, J.; Banchs, J.; Gladish, G.W.; Lee, P.; Liao, Z.; Deswal, A.; et al. Incidence and Onset of Severe Cardiac Events After Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer. J. Thorac. Oncol. 2020, 15, 1682–1690.
79. Dhadham, G.C.; Hoffe, S.; Harris, C.L.; Klapman, J. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial marker placement for image-guided radiation therapy without fluoroscopy: Safety and technical feasibility. Endosc. Int. Open 2016, 4, E378–E382.
80. DiMaio, C.J.; Nagula, S.; Goodman, K.A.; Ho, A.Y.; Markowitz, A.J.; Schattner, M.A.; Gerdes, H. EUS-guided fiducial placement for image-guided radiation therapy in GI malignancies by using a 22-gauge needle (with). Gastrointest. Endosc. 2010, 71, 1204–1210.
81. Fernandez, D.C.; Hoffe, S.; Barthel, J.S.; Vignesh, S.; Klapman, J.B.; Harris, C.; Almhanna, K.; Biagioli, M.C.; Meredith, K.; Feygelman, V.; et al. Stability of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fiducial marker placement for esophageal cancer target delineation and image-guided radiation therapy. Pr. Radiat. Oncol. 2013, 3, 32–39.
82. Oliver, J.A.; Venkat, P.; Frakes, J.M.; Klapman, J.; Harris, C.; Montilla-Soler, J.; Dhadham, G.C.; Altazi, B.A.; Zhang, G.G.; Moros, E.G.; et al. Fiducial markers coupled with 3D PET/CT offer more accurate radiation treatment delivery for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Endosc. Int. Open 2017, 5, E496–E504.
83. Machiels, M.; Van Hooft, J.; Jin, P.; Henegouwen, M.I.V.B.; Van Laarhoven, H.M.; Alderliesten, T.; Hulshof, M.C. Endoscopy/EUS-guided fiducial marker placement in patients with esophageal cancer: A comparative analysis of 3 types of markers. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2015, 82, 641–649.
84. Wang, J.; Lin, S.H.; Dong, L.; Balter, P.; Mohan, R.; Komaki, R.; Cox, J.D.; Starkschall, G. Quantifying the Interfractional Displacement of the Gastroesophageal Junction During Radiation Therapy for Esophageal Cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 2012, 83, e273–e280.
85. Wu, A.J.; Bosch, W.R.; Chang, D.T.; Hong, T.S.; Jabbour, S.K.; Kleinberg, L.R.; Mamon, H.J.; Thomas, C.R.; Goodman, K.A. Expert Consensus Contouring Guidelines for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 2015, 92, 911–920.
86. Launois, B.; Delarue, D.; Campion, J.P.; Kerbaol, M. Preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. Surgery, Gynecol. Obstet. 1981, 153, 690–692.
87. Wang, M.; Gu, X.Z.; Yin, W.B.; Huang, G.J.; Wang, L.J.; Zhang, D.W. Randomized clinical trial on the combination of preoper-ative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma: Report on 206 patients. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1989, 16, 325–327.
88. Gignoux, M.; Roussel, A.; Paillot, B.; Gillet, M.; Schlag, P.; Favre, J.-P.; Dalesio, O.; Buyse, M.; Duez, N. The value of preoperative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: Results of a study of the E.O.R.T.C. World J. Surg. 1987, 11, 426–432.
89. Nygaard, K.; Hagen, S.; Hansen, H.S.; Hatlevoll, R.; Hultborn, R.; Jakobsen, A.; Mäntyla, M.; Modig, H.; Munck-Wikland, E.; Rosengren, B.; et al. Pre-operative radiotherapy prolongs survival in operable esophageal carcinoma: A randomized, multicenter study of pre-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The second scandinavian trial in esophageal cancer. World J. Surg. 1992, 16, 1104–1109.
90. Arnott, S.J.; Duncan, W.; Gignoux, M.; Girling, D.J.; Hansen, H.S.; Launois, B.; Nygaard, K.; Parmar, M.K.; Roussel, A.; Spiliopoulos, G.; et al. Preoperative radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma: A meta-analysis using individual patient data (oesophageal cancer collaborative group). Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 1998, 41, 579–583.
91. Batra, T.K.; Pai, E.; Singh, R.; Francis, N.J.; Pandey, M. Neoadjuvant strategies in resectable carcinoma esophagus: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. World J. Surg. Oncol. 2020, 18, 1–10.
92. Fok, M.; Sham, J.S.; Choy, D.; Cheng, S.W.; Wong, J. Postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus: a prospective, randomized controlled study. Surgery 1993, 113, 138–147.
93. Ténière, P.; Hay, J.M.; Fingerhut, A.; Fagniez, P.L. Postoperative radiation therapy does not increase survival after curative resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the middle and lower esophagus as shown by a multicenter controlled trial. French University Association for Surgical Research. Surgery, Gynecol. Obstet. 1991, 173, 123–130.
94. Hsu, P.-K.; Huang, C.-S.; Wang, B.-Y.; Wu, Y.-C.; Hsu, W.-H. Survival Benefits of Postoperative Chemoradiation for Lymph Node–Positive Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2014, 97, 1734–1741.
95. Rucker, A.J.; Raman, V.; Jawitz, O.K.; Voigt, S.L.; Harpole, D.H.; D’Amico, T.A.; Tong, B.C. The Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on Survival After Esophagectomy for Node-negative Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Ann. Surg. 2020.
96. Ni, W.; Yu, S.; Zhang, W.; Xiao, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Chen, D.; Feng, Q.; Liang, J.; Lv, J.; Gao, S.; et al. A phase-II/III randomized controlled trial of adjuvant radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy after surgery versus surgery alone in patients with stage-IIB/III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020, 20, 1–8.
97. Shapiro, J.; Van Lanschot, J.J.B.; Hulshof, M.C.C.M.; Van Hagen, P.; Henegouwen, M.I.V.B.; Wijnhoven, B.P.L.; Van Laarhoven, H.W.M.; Nieuwenhuijzen, G.A.P.; Hospers, G.A.P.; Bonenkamp, J.J.; et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for oesophageal or junctional cancer (CROSS): Long-term results of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015, 16, 1090–1098.
98. Stahl, M.; Walz, M.K.; Riera-Knorrenschild, J.; Stuschke, M.; Sandermann, A.; Bitzer, M.; Wilke, H.; Budach, W. Preoperative chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced adenocarcinomas of the oesophagogastric junction (POET): Long-term results of a controlled randomised trial. Eur. J. Cancer 2017, 81, 183–190.
99. Klevebro, F.; Von Döbeln, G.A.; Wang, N.; Johnsen, G.; Jacobsen, A.-B.; Friesland, S.; Hatlevoll, I.; Glenjen, N.I.; Lind, P.; Tsai, J.A.; et al. A randomized clinical trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for cancer of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction. Ann. Oncol. 2016, 27, 660–667.
100. Oppedijk, V.; Van Der Gaast, A.; Van Lanschot, J.J.B.; Van Hagen, P.; Van Os, R.; Van Rij, C.M.; Van Der Sangen, M.J.; Beukema, J.C.; Rütten, H.; Spruit, P.H.; et al. Patterns of Recurrence After Surgery Alone Versus Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery in the CROSS Trials. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 32, 385–391.
101. Noordman, B.J.; Verdam, M.G.E.; Lagarde, S.M.; Hulshof, M.C.C.M.; Van Hagen, P.; Henegouwen, M.I.V.B.; Wijnhoven, B.P.L.; Van Laarhoven, H.W.M.; Nieuwenhuijzen, G.A.P.; Hospers, G.A.; et al. Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy on Health-Related Quality of Life in Esophageal or Junctional Cancer: Results From the Randomized CROSS Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2018, 36, 268–275.
102. Yang, H.; Liu, H.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, C.; Fang, W.; Yu, Z.; Mao, W.; Xiang, J.; Han, Y.; Chen, Z.; et al. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery Versus Surgery Alone for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus (NEOCRTEC5010): A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2018, 36, 2796–2803.
103. Messager, M.; Mirabel, X.; Tresch, E.; Paumier, A.; Vendrely, V.; Dahan, L.; Glehen, O.; Vasseur, F.; Lacornerie, T.; Piessen, G.; et al. Preoperative chemoradiation with paclitaxel-carboplatin or with fluorouracil-oxaliplatin-folinic acid (FOLFOX) for resectable esophageal and junctional cancer: the PROTECT-1402, randomized phase 2 trial. BMC Cancer 2016, 16, 318.
104. Okawa, T.; Kita, M.; Tanaka, M.; Ikeda, M. Results of radiotherapy for inoperable locally advanced esophageal cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 1989, 17, 49–54.
105. De-Ren, S.; Sun, D.R. Ten-year follow-up of esophageal cancer treated by radical radiation therapy: Analysis of 869 patients. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 1989, 16, 329–334.
106. Herskovic, A.; Martz, K.; Al-Sarraf, M.; Leichman, L.; Brindle, J.; Vaitkevicius, V.; Cooper, J.; Byhardt, R.; Davis, L.; Emami, B. Combined Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy Compared with Radiotherapy Alone in Patients with Cancer of the Esophagus. N. Engl. J. Med. 1992, 326, 1593–1598.
107. Minsky, B.D.; Pajak, T.F.; Ginsberg, R.J.; Pisansky, T.M.; Martenson, J.; Komaki, R.; Okawara, G.; Rosenthal, S.A.; Kelsen, D.P. INT 0123 (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 94-05) Phase III Trial of Combined-Modality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: High-Dose Versus Standard-Dose Radiation Therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002, 20, 1167–1174.
108. E Gaspar, L.; Winter, K.; I Kocha, W.; Coia, L.R.; Herskovic, A.; Graham, M. A phase I/II study of external beam radiation, brachytherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy for patients with localized carcinoma of the esophagus (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 9207): Final report. Cancer 2000, 88, 988–995.
109. Cooper, J.S.; Guo, M.D.; Herskovic, A.; Macdonald, J.S.; Martenson, J.J.A.; Al-Sarraf, M.; Byhardt, R.; Russell, A.H.; Beitler, J.J.; Spencer, S.; et al. Chemoradiotherapy of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer. JAMA 1999, 281, 1623–1627.
110. Xu, Y.; Zhu, W.; Zheng, X.; Wang, W.; Li, J.; Huang, R.; He, H.; Chen, J.; Liu, L.; Sun, Z.; et al. A multi-center, randomized, prospective study evaluating the optimal radiation dose of definitive concurrent chemoradiation for inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2018, 36, 4013.
111. Hulshof, M.C.; Geijsen, D.; Rozema, T.; Oppedijk, V.; Buijsen, J.; Neelis, K.J.; Nuyttens, J.; Van Der Sangen, M.; Jeene, P.; Reinders, J.; et al. A randomized controlled phase III multicenter study on dose escalation in definitive chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer: ARTDECO study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2020, 38, 281.
112. Chen, D.; Menon, H.; Verma, V.; Seyedin, S.N.; Ajani, J.A.; Hofstetter, W.L.; Nguyen, Q.-N.; Chang, J.Y.; Gomez, D.R.; Amini, A.; et al. Results of a Phase 1/2 Trial of Chemoradiotherapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost of Radiotherapy Dose in Unresectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2019, 5, 1597–1604.
113. Bhangoo, R.S.; DeWees, T.A.; Yu, N.Y.; Ding, J.X.; Liu, C.; Golafshar, M.A.; Rule, W.G.; Vora, S.A.; Ross, H.J.; Ahn, D.H.; et al. Acute Toxicities and Short-Term Patient Outcomes After Intensity-Modulated Proton Beam Radiation Therapy or Intensity-Modulated Photon Radiation Therapy for Esophageal Carcinoma: A Mayo Clinic Experience. Adv. Radiat. Oncol. 2020, 5, 871–879.
114. DeCesaris, C.; Berger, M.; Choi, J.I.; Carr, S.R.; Burrows, W.M.; Regine, W.F.; Ii, C.B.S.; Molitoris, J.K. Pathologic complete response (pCR) rates and outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with proton or photon radiation for adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. J. Gastrointest. Oncol. 2020, 11, 663–673.
115. Lancellotta, V.; Cellini, F.; Fionda, B.; De Sanctis, V.; Vidali, C.; Fusco, V.; Barbera, F.; Gambacorta, M.A.; Corvò, R.; Magrini, S.M.; et al. The role of palliative interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) in esophageal cancer: An AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology) systematic review focused on dysphagia-free survival. Brachytherapy 2020, 19, 104–110.
116. Dai, Y.; Li, C.; Xie, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhou, J.; Pan, X.; Yang, S. Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014.
117. Bang, Y.-J.; Van Cutsem, E.; Feyereislova, A.; Chung, H.C.; Shen, L.; Sawaki, A.; Lordick, F.; Ohtsu, A.; Omuro, Y.; Satoh, T.; et al. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (ToGA): A phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010, 376, 687–697.
118. Gourd, K.; Lai, C.; Reeves, C. ESMO Virtual Congress 2020. Lancet Oncol. 2020, 21, 1403–1404.
119. Pech, O.; Pal, S.; Dash, N.R.; Ahuja, V.; Mohanti, B.K.; Vishnubhatla, S.; Sahni, P.; Chattopadhyay, T.K. Palliative Stenting With or Without Radiotherapy for Inoperable Esophageal Carcinoma: A Randomized Trial. J. Gastrointest. Cancer 2010, 43, 63–69.
120. Lai, A.; Lipka, S.; Kumar, A.; Sethi, S.; Bromberg, D.; Li, N.; Shen, H.; Stefaniwsky, L.; Brady, P. Role of Esophageal Metal Stents Placement and Combination Therapy in Inoperable Esophageal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2018, 63, 1025–1034.
121. Liu, B.; Bo, Y.; Wang, K.; Liu, Y.; Tang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, E.; Yuan, L. Concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy could improve survival outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis based on random clinical trials. Oncotarget 2017, 8, 20410–20417.
122. Zhao, X.; Ren, Y.; Hu, Y.; Cui, N.; Wang, X.; Cui, Y. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for cancer of the esophagus or the gastroesophageal junction: A meta-analysis based on clinical trials. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0202185.
123. Safran, H.; Winter, K.A.; Wigle, D.A.; DiPetrillo, T.A.; Haddock, M.G.; Hong, T.S.; Leichman, L.P.; Rajdev, L.; Resnick, M.B.; Kachnic, L.A.; et al. Trastuzumab with trimodality treatment for esophageal adenocarcinoma with HER2 overexpression: NRG Oncology/RTOG 1010. J. Clin. Oncol. 2020, 38, 4500.