Terpenoid metabolism is the network of reactions that produces and transforms compounds derived from isoprenoid precursors. Formation of isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate supplies five-carbon units for synthesis of longer prenyl diphosphates [1]. Terpene synthases then generate distinct skeletons through cyclization or rearrangement, followed by enzymatic reactions that elaborate their functional groups [2]. Branch-point reactions distribute shared precursors among products, while regulation of enzyme expression and activity adjusts their accumulation within cells [3]. In plant diterpenoid pathways, geranylgeranyl diphosphate connects precursor metabolism to multiple product branches, and the structures of the participating enzymes govern their substrate and product specificity. Cellular compartmentation and metabolite transport link these reactions across the locations in which precursor production, skeleton formation, and subsequent modification occur [4][5].
- terpenoids
- isoprenoid metabolism
- prenyl intermediates
- metabolic regulation
Biosynthesis and Engineering of Terpenoids·Molecular Biology·Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology·Life Sciences
References
- Eva Vranová; Diana Coman; Wilhelm Gruissem; Network Analysis of the MVA and MEP Pathways for Isoprenoid Synthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2013, 64, 665-700. [CrossRef]
- Jiachen Zi; Sibongile Mafu; Reuben J. Peters; To Gibberellins and Beyond! Surveying the Evolution of (Di)Terpenoid Metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2014, 65, 259-286. [CrossRef]
- Susan C Roberts; Production and engineering of terpenoids in plant cell culture. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2007, 3, 387-395. [CrossRef]
- Zhibiao Wang; David R. Nelson; Juan Zhang; Xiangyuan Wan; Reuben J. Peters; Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2022, 40, 452-469. [CrossRef]
- Ke Jin; Hongzhi Xia; Yanfeng Liu; Jianghua Li; Guocheng Du; Xueqin Lv; Long Liu; Compartmentalization and transporter engineering strategies for terpenoid synthesis. Microb. Cell Fact. 2022, 21, 1-12. [CrossRef]