Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (Sb) is currently receiving significant attention as a synthetic probiotic platform due to its ease of manipulation and inherent effectiveness in promoting digestive health.
Health Benefit | Study Design and Methodology | Outcome | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Protection against C. difficile infection | Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, the combination of Sb and antibiotics | Lower relative risk of recurrent C. difficile infection in Sb recipients than placebo | [20,21][20][21] |
In vivo (mice), Sb administration | Dose- and viability-dependent prophylactic effect of Sb decreasing lethality | [22] | |
In vivo (rats), Sb administration | 54 kDa protease digested TcdA and inhibited its binding to rat ileal brush border | [23] | |
In vitro (human colonic mucosa), functional validation of 54 kDa protease of Sb | Attenuation of toxin-induced electrophysiologic and cytotoxic effects | [24] | |
Potential protection from anthrax | In vitro, biochemical assay of B. anthracis lethal toxin and Sb cells | Trapping and proteolysis of protective antigens of lethal toxin by Sb | [25] |
Inactivation of E. coli endotoxin | Isolation of phosphatases from rat small intestines after Sb administration | Dephosphorylation and inhibition of E. coli O55:B5 LPS toxicity by 63 kDa protein | [26] |
Protection against cholera pathogenesis | In vitro (rat small intestine epithelial and human colon cells), Sb or Sb product treatment | Modulation of cAMP levels by 120 kDa protein in Sb-conditioned medium | [27] |
Recovery from proximal enterectomy | In vivo (60% proximal enterectomy rats), Sb administration | Improvement of functional adaptation of remnant ileum via polyamine metabolites | [28] |
Activation of host immune system | In vivo (rats), Sb administration | Enhanced secretory IgA in the duodenal fluid of rats after Sb administration | [29] |
In vitro (murine macrophage and fibroblast cells), Sc cell wall fraction treatment | Nonspecific immune stimulation (higher NO secretion and macrophage activity) | [30] | |
Absorbing enteric pathogens | In vitro, binding assays of Sb and enteric pathogens | Adhesion and sedimentation with S. enterica Typhimurium and enterohemorrhagic E. coli | [31] |
In vivo (gnotobiotic mice), evaluation of Sb–pathogen adhesion | Adhesion between Sb and S. enterica Typhimurium on intestinal epithelium | [32] | |
Absorbing mycotoxins | In vivo (broiler chicks), Sc administration after aflatoxicosis | Positive protection effect of Sc administration on liver weight, histopathology, and growth | [33] |
In vivo (rats), MOS, thermolyzed Sc, and dehydrated Sc treatment after aflatoxicosis | Attenuation of the toxicity and liver damage only by dehydrated Sc administration | [34] | |
Obesity and type 2 diabetes | In vivo (obese and type 2 diabetic mice), Sb administration | Reduction of fat mass, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation with shift in host gut microbiome | [35] |