Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a greenhouse gas contributing to ozone layer depletion and climate

change. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) cogentribuerate significantly to the global anthropogenic

N₂O amounts of greenhouse gasemissions. The main factors affecting N₂O emissis, including carbons are the dissolved oxygen concentratiodioxide, methan

(DO), the nitrite accumulation, the rapidly changing process conditions, the substrate composition

annd nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide C(N₂OD/N) ratio, the pH, and the temperature. Low DO in the nitrification process results in higher

N₂O emissiis an important greenhonus, whereas high aeration rate in the nitration/anammox process results in higher N₂O

produce gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 273 times tion. High DO in the denitrification inhibits the Nat of carbon dioxide (CO₂O), reductase synthesis/activity, leadicontributing to

N₂O accumulatiozon. High nitrite accumulation in both the nitrification and denitrification processee layer depletion and climate change. Therefore, even s

malle ads to high mounts of N₂O emissions. Transient DO changes and rapid shifts in pH result in high N₂O

prcan significantly contribute to total greenhoduction. Ammonia shock loads leads to incomplete nitrification, resulting in NO₂^- acse gases (GHG) emissions. Thus, it cumulation

and N₂Obe fcormation. Limiting the biodegradable substrate hinders complete denitrification, leading

to hncluded that the minimigh N₂O production. A COD/N rzatio above 4 results in 20–30% of the nitrogen load being

of N₂O emissions. Maximum N₂O proanduction at low pH (pH = 6) was observed during nitrification/

the idenitrification and at high pH (pH = 8) during partial nitrification. High temperature enhancof the factors controlling thes

the denitrification kinetics but produces more N₂O missions constitute a great challemissionsge.