THPO Gene

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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/thpo

Thrombopoietin: The THPO gene provides instructions for making a protein called thrombopoietin that promotes the growth and division (proliferation) of cells.

genes

Information

Subjects: Genetics & Heredity

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Rui Liu

View Times: 311

Entry Collection: MedlinePlus

Update Date: 25 Dec 2020

Table of Contents

1. Normal Function

The THPO gene provides instructions for making a protein called thrombopoietin that promotes the growth and division (proliferation) of cells. This protein attaches to (binds) and turns on (activates) the thrombopoietin receptor, which stimulates several signaling pathways that transmit chemical signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. These pathways are important for controlling the production of blood cells.

Thrombopoietin is especially important for the proliferation of certain blood cells called megakaryocytes, which produce platelets, the cells involved in blood clotting. Research suggests that thrombopoietin signaling may also play a role in the renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, which are stem cells located within the bone marrow that have the potential to develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Essential thrombocythemia

Several mutations in the THPO gene have been found in people with essential thrombocythemia, a condition characterized by an increased number of platelets in the blood. Because platelets are the blood cells involved in blood clotting, abnormal clotting (thrombosis) is common in people with essential thrombocythemia.

THPO gene mutations are found in families with an inherited form of the condition called familial essential thrombocythemia. These mutations affect a region of the gene that usually blocks (inhibits) the production of the thrombopoietin protein (a process called translation). THPO gene mutations lead to increased translation of the protein. The excess protein can abnormally activate the thrombopoietin receptor and the signaling pathways, leading to overproduction of megakaryocytes and increased numbers of platelets. Excess platelets can cause thrombosis, which leads to many signs and symptoms of essential thrombocythemia.

3. Other Names for This Gene

c-mpl ligand
megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor
megakaryocyte growth and development factor
megakaryocyte stimulating factor
MGC163194
MGDF
MKCSF
ML
MPL ligand
MPLLG
myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene ligand
TPO
TPO_HUMAN

References

de Graaf CA, Metcalf D. Thrombopoietin and hematopoietic stem cells. CellCycle. 2011 May 15;10(10):1582-9.
Ghilardi N, Skoda RC. A single-base deletion in the thrombopoietin (TPO) gene causes familial essential thrombocythemia through a mechanism of more efficienttranslation of TPO mRNA. Blood. 1999 Aug 15;94(4):1480-2.
Ghilardi N, Wiestner A, Skoda RC. Thrombopoietin production is inhibited by a translational mechanism. Blood. 1998 Dec 1;92(11):4023-30.
Majka M, Ratajczak J, Villaire G, Kubiczek K, Marquez LA, Janowska-WieczorekA, Ratajczak MZ. Thrombopoietin, but not cytokines binding to gp130protein-coupled receptors, activates MAPKp42/44, AKT, and STAT proteins in normalhuman CD34+ cells, megakaryocytes, and platelets. Exp Hematol. 2002Jul;30(7):751-60.
Wiestner A, Schlemper RJ, van der Maas AP, Skoda RC. An activating splicedonor mutation in the thrombopoietin gene causes hereditary thrombocythaemia. NatGenet. 1998 Jan;18(1):49-52.

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