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Li, V. FA2H Gene. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5507 (accessed on 11 February 2025).
Li V. FA2H Gene. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5507. Accessed February 11, 2025.
Li, Vivi. "FA2H Gene" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5507 (accessed February 11, 2025).
Li, V. (2020, December 25). FA2H Gene. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5507
Li, Vivi. "FA2H Gene." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 December, 2020.
FA2H Gene
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/fa2h

Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase: The FA2H gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called fatty acid 2-hydroxylase. 

genes

1. Normal Function

This enzyme modifies fatty acids, which are building blocks used to make fats (lipids). Specifically, fatty acid 2-hydroxylase adds a single oxygen atom to a hydrogen atom at a particular point on a fatty acid to create a 2-hydroxylated fatty acid. Certain 2-hydroxylated fatty acids are important in forming normal myelin; myelin is the protective covering that insulates nerves and ensures the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. The part of the brain and spinal cord that contains myelin is called white matter.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1 Fatty Acid Hydroxylase-Associated Neurodegeneration

At least nine mutations in the FA2H gene have been identified in people with fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN). FAHN is a progressive disorder of the nervous system characterized by problems with movement and vision that begin during childhood or adolescence and worsen with age. Brain scans of affected individuals show abnormal accumulation of iron in the brain, especially in a region that is involved in movement.

The FA2H gene mutations that cause FAHN reduce or eliminate the function of the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase enzyme. Reduction of this enzyme's function may result in abnormal myelin that is prone to deterioration (demyelination), leading to a loss of white matter (leukodystrophy). Leukodystrophy is likely involved in the development of the movement problems and other neurological abnormalities that occur in FAHN. Iron accumulation in the brain is probably also involved, although it is unclear how FA2H gene mutations lead to the buildup of iron.

People with FA2H gene mutations and some of the movement problems seen in FAHN were once classified as having a separate disorder called spastic paraplegia 35. People with mutations in this gene resulting in intellectual decline and optic nerve atrophy were said to have a disorder called FA2H-related leukodystrophy. However, these conditions are now generally considered to be forms of FAHN.

3. Other Names for This Gene

  • FA2H_HUMAN

  • FAAH

  • FAH1

  • fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase

  • fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing 1

  • FAXDC1

  • FLJ25287

  • SCS7

  • spastic paraplegia 35 (autosomal recessive)

  • SPG35

References

  1. Alderson NL, Rembiesa BM, Walla MD, Bielawska A, Bielawski J, Hama H. Thehuman FA2H gene encodes a fatty acid 2-hydroxylase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov19;279(47):48562-8.
  2. Dick KJ, Eckhardt M, Paisán-Ruiz C, Alshehhi AA, Proukakis C, Sibtain NA,Maier H, Sharifi R, Patton MA, Bashir W, Koul R, Raeburn S, Gieselmann V, HouldenH, Crosby AH. Mutation of FA2H underlies a complicated form of hereditary spasticparaplegia (SPG35). Hum Mutat. 2010 Apr;31(4):E1251-60. doi: 10.1002/humu.21205.
  3. Edvardson S, Hama H, Shaag A, Gomori JM, Berger I, Soffer D, Korman SH,Taustein I, Saada A, Elpeleg O. Mutations in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase geneare associated with leukodystrophy with spastic paraparesis and dystonia. Am JHum Genet. 2008 Nov;83(5):643-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.10.010.
  4. Gregory A, Hayflick SJ. Genetics of neurodegeneration with brain ironaccumulation. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2011 Jun;11(3):254-61. doi:10.1007/s11910-011-0181-3. Review.
  5. Gregory A, Venkateswaran S, Hayflick SJ. Fatty Acid Hydroxylase-AssociatedNeurodegeneration. 2011 Jun 28 [updated 2018 Sep 27]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH,Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews®[Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2020. Availablefrom http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56080/
  6. Kruer MC, Paisán-Ruiz C, Boddaert N, Yoon MY, Hama H, Gregory A, Malandrini A,Woltjer RL, Munnich A, Gobin S, Polster BJ, Palmeri S, Edvardson S, Hardy J,Houlden H, Hayflick SJ. Defective FA2H leads to a novel form of neurodegenerationwith brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Ann Neurol. 2010 Nov;68(5):611-8. doi:10.1002/ana.22122.
  7. Schneider SA, Bhatia KP. Three faces of the same gene: FA2H linksneurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, leukodystrophies, and hereditary spastic paraplegias. Ann Neurol. 2010 Nov;68(5):575-7. doi: 10.1002/ana.22211.Erratum in: Ann Neurol. 2011 Jul;70(1):187.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Vivi Li
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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
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Update Date: 25 Dec 2020
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