Table 1. SME Classification of General Patent Objectives.
Objective |
General Description |
Computing Resource |
Communications traffic to exchange sensor data and a wide range of other information, including the need for low latency to meet real-time demands place additional burdens on available computational resources. Objectives target optimal resource allocation and usage of onboard and cloud-based computing resources and optimizes communications across multiple network interfaces and servers. |
Cybersecurity |
Growing wireless connectivity between vehicles and other things, including other vehicles, expands the vulnerability surface for cyber-attacks. Objectives address enhanced cybersecurity including encryption, authentication, and intrusion detection methods. |
Driving Safety |
Objectives utilize vehicle-to-everything connectivity and sensors on other vehicles to enhance visibility and situational awareness. Safely navigating in complex environments, including through intersections and among pedestrians, and avoiding collisions. |
Information Management |
Demand for efficient management of information across software applications and services scales with increased vehicle connections. Objectives assure that systems present relevant information to vehicle operating and in-cabin infotainment systems to prevent data overload and prioritize information that is essential for vehicle operation, safety, and user experience. |
Multi-vehicle Networking |
Vehicle clusters can form and maintain micro vehicular clouds to efficiently share and exchange information. Objectives address the efficient use of resources among vehicles to enable capabilities such as distributed data storage, collaborative computing, reliable communications, and service provisioning. |
Platooning |
The streamlined aerodynamics of vehicles following each other more closely than normal (platooning) results in better fuel efficiency and improved traffic flow. Objectives address various ways to utilize wireless, sensors, and real-time control mechanisms to enable safer and more cost-efficient platooning and alerting law-enforcement. |
Smart Parking |
Locating parking spaces in crowded and complex environments can be challenging and contribute to congestion. Objectives facilitate cooperative parking space searches, including charging for the “ego” vehicle by using sensors and micro vehicular clouds or centralized services. |
Traffic Signaling |
Suboptimal traffic signal timing can exacerbate congestion. Objectives leverage wireless communications and sensors among vehicles to assess conditions and predict arrival times while dynamically optimizing traffic signaling for overall traffic impact. |
Vehicle Monitoring |
Objectives aim to enrich in-cabin experiences for passengers through display devices that provide various forms of information and entertainment. Methods of preventing motion sickness by monitoring and predicting ride quality. |
Vehicle Navigation |
Objectives update electronic maps with real-time data from vehicles for more accurate navigation. Detecting environmental changes dynamically such as topography, emergency situations, and seasonal conditions like flooding or snow to inform alternative routes. |
Wireless Communications |
Objectives address advancements in wireless communications such as lower latency cellular networks, quality of service, resilience in noisy environments, and interference. |
Computing resource: dominant keywords include “speed”, “terminal”, “edge server”, and “digital twin”. These pertain to methods of offloading computing burden to edge servers and other terminals to increase the speed of information processing or employing digital twin simulations to inform the optimization of resources for enhanced reliability of information exchanges.
Cybersecurity: dominant keywords include “security”, “authentication”, and “pseudonym certificate”. These refer to enhancing the integrity of data exchanges through authentication and methods of reducing the computational burden of message signing by using pseudonym certificates to enhance privacy or detect malicious activities.
Driving safety: dominant keywords include “ego”, “driver”, “pedestrian”, “sensor”, “change condition”, and “environment”. These refer to methods of exchanging sensor data, using the focus or “ego” vehicle for orchestration, to improve situational awareness and visibility for both pedestrians and drivers and to detect changes in traffic or environmental conditions that inform driving adaptation.
Information management: dominant keywords include “advertisement”, “cluster”, “travelable range”, “monitor module”, “wireless”, and “processor”. These refer to using the wireless communications of vehicles within clusters such as at an event to broadcast relevant advertisements or to predict travel range through diverse processing and monitoring techniques.
Multi-vehicle networking: dominant keywords include “micro cloud”, “micro vehicular cloud”, “access point”, and “server”. These refer to means of collaboratively forming a virtual cloud computing facility by utilizing the computing resources and wireless communications of a vehicle group.
Platooning: dominant keywords include “following”, “gateway processor”, “interface controller”, and “platoon”. These refer to methods of controlling the “following” vehicle in a convoy to reduce air gaps by utilizing an interface controller and/or a gateway processor to synchronize vehicle movements.
Smart parking: dominant keywords include “electric”, “charging pad”, “park”, “event”, and “account”. These refer to utilizing the sensors of connected vehicles to share information about parking spot availability for example, at events, and to identify parking spots with vehicle-compatible electric chargers, including means to automatically bill an account.
Traffic signaling: dominant keywords include “intersection”, “road”, “light”, “signal”, and “timing”. These refer to adapting the signal timing of traffic lights based on sensing the queue length and traffic flow to increase intersection safety and throughput.
Vehicle monitoring: dominant keywords include “roadway segment”, “condition”, “onboard sensor”, “processor”, “interface”, and “custom configuration”. These refer to using sensors, processing, and computing interfaces to monitor the condition of vehicle and roadway segments for adaptive or custom configurations that will enhance the ride experience.
Vehicle navigation: dominant keywords include “emergency”, “coordinate”, “scenario vector”, “moving object”, “map”, and “geofence”. These refer to coordinating geospatial and map information among vehicles for situational analysis and route planning, including avoiding interference with emergency vehicles and slow-moving objects.
Wireless communications: dominant keywords include “geographical region”, “geographical resource”, “radio resource”, “channel interference”, “adjacent channel”, “access point”, “VX”, and “base station”. These refer to designing V-to-X (VX) communications systems that incorporate access points and base stations to minimize wireless interference and to adapt operations for improved channel reliability based on radio resources available in different geographical regions. Key objectives of the V-to-X inventions included increasing the reliability and decreasing the latency of wireless communications, especially while moving. Methods achieving those objectives included dedicating access points to a mobile user, switching between cellular and short-range wireless channels, dynamically optimizing network control parameters, selecting networks dynamically to minimize usage cost and loading, packet priority tagging, splitting femtocells to support multiple in-vehicle operators, keeping track of noisy locations to predict when to pre-load streaming content, mapping pre-determined radio resource locations to optimize performance, and leveraging satellite radio to increase the broadcast area for messages.
The aggregate summary reveals dominant keywords such as “micro cloud”, “wireless”, “receiving”, “driver”, and “perform action”. This suggests that at the aggregate level, the dominant invention themes involve improving the reliability of wireless communications, forming vehicular micro clouds to exchange information, receiving messages, and taking action to improve driving safety. These observations are consistent with the