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Yang, C. Bunion. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5038 (accessed on 15 September 2026).
Yang C. Bunion. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5038. Accessed September 15, 2026.
Yang, Catherine. "Bunion" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5038 (accessed September 15, 2026).
Yang, C. (2020, December 24). Bunion. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5038
Yang, Catherine. "Bunion." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
Bunion
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/bunion

A bunion, known technically as hallux valgus, is a bony bump on the side of the foot at the base of the big toe. Bunions develop slowly as pressure on the joint at the base of the big toe causes the toe to move out of place, leaning inward toward the second toe. Because this joint carries a lot of weight during activities like standing and walking, bunions can cause foot pain, stiffness, redness, and swelling. Calluses may form where the big toe and second toe rub together or on the ball of the foot. Unless they are treated, bunions get worse over time, and it may become difficult to wear regular shoes or walk without pain. Bunions can occur in one or both feet.

genetic conditions

References

  1. Hannan MT, Menz HB, Jordan JM, Cupples LA, Cheng CH, Hsu YH. High heritabilityof hallux valgus and lesser toe deformities in adult men and women. ArthritisCare Res (Hoboken). 2013 Sep;65(9):1515-21. doi: 10.1002/acr.22040.
  2. Hecht PJ, Lin TJ. Hallux valgus. Med Clin North Am. 2014 Mar;98(2):227-32.doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2013.10.007.
  3. Hsu YH, Liu Y, Hannan MT, Maixner W, Smith SB, Diatchenko L, Golightly YM,Menz HB, Kraus VB, Doherty M, Wilson AG, Jordan JM. Genome-wide associationmeta-analyses to identify common genetic variants associated with hallux valgusin Caucasian and African Americans. J Med Genet. 2015 Nov;52(11):762-9. doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103142.
  4. Nix S, Smith M, Vicenzino B. Prevalence of hallux valgus in the generalpopulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2010 Sep27;3:21. doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-3-21.
  5. Nix SE, Vicenzino BT, Collins NJ, Smith MD. Characteristics of foot structure and footwear associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review. OsteoarthritisCartilage. 2012 Oct;20(10):1059-74. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.06.007.
  6. Vanore JV, Christensen JC, Kravitz SR, Schuberth JM, Thomas JL, Weil LS,Zlotoff HJ, Mendicino RW, Couture SD; Clinical Practice Guideline FirstMetatarsophalangeal Joint Disorders Panel of the American College of Foot andAnkle Surgeons. Diagnosis and treatment of first metatarsophalangeal jointdisorders. Section 1: Hallux valgus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003May-Jun;42(3):112-23. Review. Erratum in: J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003Nov-Dec;42(6):394.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register : Catherine Yang
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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
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Update Date: 24 Dec 2020
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