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Tang, P. Chromosome 21. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4930 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
Tang P. Chromosome 21. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4930. Accessed September 25, 2026.
Tang, Peter. "Chromosome 21" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4930 (accessed September 25, 2026).
Tang, P. (2020, December 24). Chromosome 21. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4930
Tang, Peter. "Chromosome 21." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
Chromosome 21
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/chromosome/21

Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 21, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs.

chromosomes & mtDNA

References

  1. Antonarakis SE, Lyle R, Dermitzakis ET, Reymond A, Deutsch S. Chromosome 21and down syndrome: from genomics to pathophysiology. Nat Rev Genet. 2004Oct;5(10):725-38. Review.
  2. Antonarakis SE, Lyle R, Deutsch S, Reymond A. Chromosome 21: a small land offascinating disorders with unknown pathophysiology. Int J Dev Biol. 2002Jan;46(1):89-96. Review.
  3. Antonarakis SE. Chromosome 21: from sequence to applications. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2001 Jun;11(3):241-6. Review.
  4. Aït Yahya-Graison E, Aubert J, Dauphinot L, Rivals I, Prieur M, Golfier G,Rossier J, Personnaz L, Creau N, Bléhaut H, Robin S, Delabar JM, Potier MC.Classification of human chromosome 21 gene-expression variations in Downsyndrome: impact on disease phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):475-91.
  5. Gardiner K, Costa AC. The proteins of human chromosome 21. Am J Med Genet CSemin Med Genet. 2006 Aug 15;142C(3):196-205.
  6. Gardiner K, Davisson M. The sequence of human chromosome 21 and implicationsfor research into Down syndrome. Genome Biol. 2000;1(2):REVIEWS0002.
  7. Gilbert F. Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome.Chromosome 21. Genet Test. 1997-1998;1(4):301-6.
  8. Hattori M, Fujiyama A, Taylor TD, Watanabe H, Yada T, Park HS, Toyoda A, IshiiK, Totoki Y, Choi DK, Groner Y, Soeda E, Ohki M, Takagi T, Sakaki Y, Taudien S,Blechschmidt K, Polley A, Menzel U, Delabar J, Kumpf K, Lehmann R, Patterson D,Reichwald K, Rump A, Schillhabel M, Schudy A, Zimmermann W, Rosenthal A, Kudoh J,Schibuya K, Kawasaki K, Asakawa S, Shintani A, Sasaki T, Nagamine K, Mitsuyama S,Antonarakis SE, Minoshima S, Shimizu N, Nordsiek G, Hornischer K, Brant P,Scharfe M, Schon O, Desario A, Reichelt J, Kauer G, Blocker H, Ramser J, Beck A, Klages S, Hennig S, Riesselmann L, Dagand E, Haaf T, Wehrmeyer S, Borzym K,Gardiner K, Nizetic D, Francis F, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Yaspo ML; Chromosome 21mapping and sequencing consortium. The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21.Nature. 2000 May 18;405(6784):311-9. Erratum in: Nature 2000 Sep 7;407(6800):110.
  9. Lam K, Zhang DE. RUNX1 and RUNX1-ETO: roles in hematopoiesis andleukemogenesis. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2012 Jan 1;17:1120-39. Review.
  10. Licht JD. AML1 and the AML1-ETO fusion protein in the pathogenesis of t(8;21) AML. Oncogene. 2001 Sep 10;20(40):5660-79. Review.
  11. Lubec G, Engidawork E. The brain in Down syndrome (TRISOMY 21). J Neurol. 2002Oct;249(10):1347-56. Review.
  12. Sawińska M, Ładoń D. Mechanism, detection and clinical significance of thereciprocal translocation t(12;21)(p12;q22) in the children suffering from acutelymphoblastic leukaemia. Leuk Res. 2004 Jan;28(1):35-42. Review.
  13. Valero R, Marfany G, Gil-Benso R, Ibáñez MA, López-Pajares I, Prieto F, RullanG, Sarret E, Gonzàlez-Duarte R. Molecular characterisation of partial chromosome 21 aneuploidies by fluorescent PCR. J Med Genet. 1999 Sep;36(9):694-9.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
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Update Date: 24 Dec 2020
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