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Yang, C. Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4660 (accessed on 27 July 2024).
Yang C. Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4660. Accessed July 27, 2024.
Yang, Catherine. "Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4660 (accessed July 27, 2024).
Yang, C. (2020, December 24). Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4660
Yang, Catherine. "Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/adult-polyglucosan-body-disease

Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is a condition that affects the nervous system. People with APBD typically first experience signs and symptoms related to the condition between ages 35 and 60. Initial symptoms of the disorder include numbness and tingling in the legs (peripheral neuropathy) and progressive muscle weakness and stiffness (spasticity). As a result, affected individuals can have an unsteady gait, poor balance, and an increased risk of falling.

 

genetic conditions

1. Introduction

Damage to the nerves that control bladder function, a condition called neurogenic bladder, is another feature that often occurs early in the course of APBD. Affected individuals have increasing difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine.

Eventually, most people with APBD lose the ability to control their bladder and bowel functions and their limbs. Damage to the autonomic nervous system, which controls body functions that are mostly involuntary, leads to problems with blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, digestion, temperature regulation, and sexual response, and results in daily bouts of exhaustion. About half of people with APBD experience a decline in intellectual function (dementia).

2. Frequency

APBD is a rare condition, although its exact prevalence is unknown. Approximately 200 affected individuals have been diagnosed worldwide. Recently these have included younger individuals who have not yet experienced signs or symptoms but who are diagnosed in the course of genetic screening when considering parenthood. Researchers suspect that the disorder may be underdiagnosed.

3. Causes

Mutations in the GBE1 gene cause APBD. The GBE1 gene provides instructions for making the glycogen branching enzyme. This enzyme is involved in the production of a complex sugar called glycogen, which is a major source of stored energy in the body. Most GBE1 gene mutations that cause APBD result in a shortage (deficiency) of the glycogen branching enzyme, which leads to the production of abnormal glycogen molecules. These abnormal glycogen molecules, called polyglucosan bodies, accumulate within cells and cause damage. Nerve cells (neurons) appear to be particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of polyglucosan bodies in people with this disorder, leading to impaired neuronal function.

Some mutations in the GBE1 gene that cause APBD do not result in a shortage of glycogen branching enzyme. In people with these mutations, the activity of this enzyme is normal. How mutations cause the disease in these individuals is unclear. Other people with APBD do not have identified mutations in the GBE1 gene. In these individuals, the cause of the disease is unknown.

3.1. The gene associated with Adult polyglucosan body disease

  • GBE1

4. Inheritance

This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

5. Other Names for This Condition

  • APBD

  • polyglucosan body disease, adult form

References

  1. Akman HO, Lossos A, Kakhlon O. GBE1 Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease. 2009 Apr 2 [updated 2020 Sep 17]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, BeanLJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA):University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2020. Available fromhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK5300/
  2. Hellmann MA, Kakhlon O, Landau EH, Sadeh M, Giladi N, Schlesinger I, Kidron D,Abramsky O, Reches A, Argov Z, Rabey JM, Chapman J, Rosenmann H, Gal A, MosheGomori J, Meiner V, Lossos A. Frequent misdiagnosis of adult polyglucosan bodydisease. J Neurol. 2015 Oct;262(10):2346-51. doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7859-4.
  3. Klein CJ, Boes CJ, Chapin JE, Lynch CD, Campeau NG, Dyck PJ, Dyck PJ. Adultpolyglucosan body disease: case description of an expanding genetic and clinical syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2004 Feb;29(2):323-8.
  4. Köhler W, Curiel J, Vanderver A. Adulthood leukodystrophies. Nat Rev Neurol.2018 Feb;14(2):94-105. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.175.
  5. Lossos A, Meiner Z, Barash V, Soffer D, Schlesinger I, Abramsky O, Argov Z,Shpitzen S, Meiner V. Adult polyglucosan body disease in Ashkenazi Jewishpatients carrying the Tyr329Ser mutation in the glycogen-branching enzyme gene.Ann Neurol. 1998 Dec;44(6):867-72.
  6. Massa R, Bruno C, Martorana A, de Stefano N, van Diggelen OP, Federico A.Adult polyglucosan body disease: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of thebrain and novel mutation in the GBE1 gene. Muscle Nerve. 2008 Apr;37(4):530-6.
  7. Milde P, Guccion JG, Kelly J, Locatelli E, Jones RV. Adult polyglucosan bodydisease. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001 Apr;125(4):519-22.
  8. Mochel F, Schiffmann R, Steenweg ME, Akman HO, Wallace M, Sedel F, Laforêt P, Levy R, Powers JM, Demeret S, Maisonobe T, Froissart R, Da Nobrega BB, Fogel BL, Natowicz MR, Lubetzki C, Durr A, Brice A, Rosenmann H, Barash V, Kakhlon O,Gomori JM, van der Knaap MS, Lossos A. Adult polyglucosan body disease: NaturalHistory and Key Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings. Ann Neurol. 2012Sep;72(3):433-41. doi: 10.1002/ana.23598.
  9. Savage G, Ray F, Halmagyi M, Blazely A, Harper C. Stable neuropsychologicaldeficits in adult polyglucosan body disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2007May;14(5):473-7.
  10. Sindern E, Ziemssen F, Ziemssen T, Podskarbi T, Shin Y, Brasch F, Müller KM,Schröder JM, Malin JP, Vorgerd M. Adult polyglucosan body disease: a postmortemcorrelation study. Neurology. 2003 Jul 22;61(2):263-5.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
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Catherine Yang
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Update Date: 24 Dec 2020
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