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HandWiki. Guṇa. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37823 (accessed on 23 September 2026).
HandWiki. Guṇa. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37823. Accessed September 23, 2026.
HandWiki. "Guṇa" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37823 (accessed September 23, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, December 02). Guṇa. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/37823
HandWiki. "Guṇa." Encyclopedia. Web. 02 December, 2022.
Guṇa
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Philosophy:Gu%E1%B9%87a

Guṇa (Sanskrit: गुण) is a concept in Hinduism and Sikhism, which can be translated as "quality, peculiarity, attribute, property". The concept is originally notable as a feature of Samkhya philosophy. The gunas are now a key concept in nearly all schools of Hindu philosophy. There are three gunas, according to this worldview, that have always been and continue to be present in all things and beings in the world. These three gunas are called: sattva (goodness, constructive, harmonious), rajas (passion, active, confused), and tamas (darkness, destructive, chaotic). All of these three gunas are present in everyone and everything, it is the proportion that is different, according to Hindu worldview. The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life. In some contexts, it may mean "a subdivision, species, kind, quality", or an operational principle or tendency of something or someone. In human behavior studies, Guna means personality, innate nature and psychological attributes of an individual. Like all Sanskrit technical terms, guṇa can be difficult to summarize in a single word. Its original and common meaning is a thread, implying the original materials that weave together to make up reality. The usual, but approximate translation in common usage is "quality".

sikhism personality psychological

References

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  3. Gerald James Larson and Ram Shankar Bhattacharya (2014), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies – Samkhya, A Dualist Tradition in Indian Philosophy, Volume 4, Princeton University Press, ISBN:978-0-691-60441-1, pages 65-66
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  8. gaNana Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Germany http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=gaNana&script=&direction=SE&link=yes
  9. Kapila Vatsyayan, Kalātattvakośa: Manifestation of nature : Sr̥ṣṭi vistāra, Volume 4, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN:978-8120815476, pages 144-148
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  13. Alter, Joseph S., Yoga in modern India, 2004 Princeton University Press, p 55
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  15. Feuerstein, Georg The Shambhala Encyclopedia of Yoga, Shambhala Publications, 1997
  16. Whicher, Ian The Integrity of the Yoga Darśana, 1998 SUNY Press, 110
  17. James G. Lochtefeld, Guna, in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, Vol. 1, Rosen Publishing, ISBN:978-0-8239-3179-8, page 265
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  20. Karl H. Potter (2011), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 2: Indian Metaphysics and Epistemology, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN:978-8120803091, page 113-114
  21. Karl H. Potter and Sibajiban Bhattacharya (1994), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 6: Indian Philosophical Analysis, Princeton University Press, ISBN:978-0-691-07384-2, pages 15-24
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  23. Christopher Key Chapple, The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press, ISBN:978-1-4384-2842-0, pages 185-194, 330-332, 634-661
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  25. Gideon Arulmani et al (2014), Handbook of Career Development: International Perspectives, Springer, ISBN:978-1-4614-9459-1, pages 139-143
  26. 1st English translation: Christopher Key Chapple, The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press, ISBN:978-1-4384-2842-0, pages 684-686;2nd English Translation: Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 18 verses 23-25;With 11 interpretations/commentaries (Sanskrit): Bhagavad Gita Chapter 18.23-25; pages 333-336 https://archive.org/stream/Bhagavad-Gita.with.the.Commentary.of.Sri.Shankaracharya#page/n477/mode/2up
  27. Christopher Key Chapple, The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press, ISBN:978-1-4384-2842-0, pages 681-683
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  31. NK Shastree, Value Management In Professions, ISBN:978-8180693410, pages 21-30
  32. Klaus Klostermaier (1985), Mokṣa and Critical Theory, Philosophy East and West, 35(1): 61-71
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  34. M Innes-Brown and S Chatterjee (1999), The Relevance of the Guna Theory in the Congruence of Eastern Values and Western Management Practice, Journal of Human Values, 5(2): 93-102
  35. James G. Lochtefeld (2001), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M, Rosen Publishing, ISBN:978-0-8239-3179-8, Pages 224, 265, 520
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  37. Theos Bernard (1999), Hindu Philosophy, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN:978-81-208-1373-1, pages 74–76
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  39. HA Woodham, Proceedings of the Philological Society, Vol.1 at Google Books, No. 9, pages 98-101 https://books.google.com/books?id=dA8ZAAAAIAAJ
  40. Macdonald, Arthur Anthony (1927[1886]), A Sanskrit Grammar for Students p. 11. Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN:0-19-815466-6
  41. MW Woollaston, A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language at Google Books, Edward Hall, London https://books.google.com/books?id=djOHEO1eeEcC
  42. * Chopra, Ananda S. (2003). "Āyurveda". in Selin, Helaine. Medicine Across Cultures: History and Practice of Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 75–83. ISBN 1-4020-1166-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=of-gv8-pPcsC&pg=PA76.  p. 76, citing Sushrutasamhita 25.36.
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