1. Introduction

Gregory B. Jaczko (/ˈjɑːskoʊ/; born October 29, 1970, Norristown, Pennsylvania) was a Chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). A physicist with public policy experience in academia and serving on Congressional staffs, he has been deeply interested in the development of nuclear power and its relation to the American public. On May 21, 2012, he announced his resignation pending the confirmation of the next person to fill this role.^[1] On July 9, 2012, Jaczko was replaced by Allison Macfarlane, a nuclear waste expert and associate professor at George Mason University.^[2]

2. Early Life and Education

Gregory B. Jaczko was raised in Albany, New York.^[3] He studied physics and philosophy at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and earned a bachelor in the two disciplines there in 1993.^[3] He earned a doctorate in theoretical particle physics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, in 1999.^[3]

He is married to journalist Leigh Ann Caldwell.^[4]

3. Political Career

Jaczko served as a Congressional Science Fellow in the office of U.S. Representative Ed Markey in Washington, D.C. on the basis of an AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowship. He also worked as an adjunct professor for Physics and Public Policy^[5] under Dr. Francis Slakey^[6] at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.^[7]

He later advised the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on issues regarding nuclear power.^[3] He served as appropriations director for U.S. Senator Harry Reid and as Reid's science policy advisor.^[7]

Jaczko was first sworn in as a Commissioner of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on January 21, 2005. On May 13, 2009, President Obama designated him the organization's Chairman,^[3] i.e. its principal executive officer and official spokesperson.^[7] The chairman is responsible for long-range planning as well as budgetary and certain personnel functions of the NRC. “He also has authority for all NRC functions pertaining to a potential emergency involving an NRC licensee”.^[7]

4. Policy Positions

Jaczko has asserted that the greatest possible openness furthers the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's work on the protection of the environment and of public health and safety.^[7] He encourages “licensees, vendors, state and local governments, interest groups, and the general public” to participate in the Commission's policy-making efforts.^[7] Efforts by Jaczko to strengthen security regulations for nuclear power plants have included requiring new such plants to be able to withstand an aircraft crash.^[7]

On February 9, 2012 Jaczko cast the lone dissenting vote on plans to build the first new nuclear power plant in more than 30 years when the NRC voted 4-1 to allow Atlanta-based Southern Co to build and operate two new nuclear power reactors at its existing Vogtle nuclear power plant in Georgia. He cited safety concerns stemming from Japan's 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, saying "I cannot support issuing this license as if Fukushima never happened".^[8]

5. Management Style & Resignation

A report by Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspector General Hubert T. Bell accused Jaczko of "strategically" withholding information from his colleagues in an effort to keep plans for the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository from advancing.^[9]

In October 2011, all the other four NRC commissioners—two Democrats and two Republicans—sent a letter to the White House expressing "grave concern" about Jaczko's actions at the NRC. On December 14, 2011, Commissioner William Ostendorff, a Republican, told a House oversight committee that Jaczko's "bullying and intimidation... should not and cannot be tolerated."^[10]

At a House Government Reform and Oversight Committee hearing on December 14, 2011, NRC Commissioner William Magwood, a fellow Democrat, testified about what he called Jaczko's abusive behavior towards employees, especially female subordinates. “One woman told me that she felt the chairman was actually irritated with someone else, but took it out on her,” Magwood said. “Another said she was angry at herself for being brought to tears in front of male colleagues. A third described how she couldn’t stop shaking after her experience. She sat, talking with her supervisor until she could calm down sufficiently to drive home.” ^[11]

A report by the majority Republicans on the Government Reform and Oversight Committee detailed incidents indicating what House Republicans called Jaczko's "propensity for angry outbursts and aggressive behavior." A 2012 NRC Office of Inspector General report cleared him of such allegations.^[12] Top House Republicans called on President Obama to dismiss Jaczko.^[13]

Jaczko said problems at the agency were not his fault but instead stem from "lack of understanding" on the part of others.^[14] Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid defended Jaczko, saying his critics are attacking him because "they’re concerned about the nuclear industry. He’s concerned about the American people."^[15]

Peter A. Bradford, who was a commission member from 1977 to 1982, has also defended Jaczko. Bradford said it was not unusual for the commissioners to disagree strongly, and added that he did not believe that "the chairman is somehow raging around the agency and intimidating the staff".^[16] He also argued that, although the letter about Jaczko was written by two Republicans and two Democrats, it was necessarily bi-partisan in the context of nuclear politics. He claimed that "In Washington, you’ve got a situation where the ‘nuclear party’ transcends the Republican and Democratic party," adding that "You’ve got four members of the nuclear party writing a letter about the chairman, who’s never been a member of the nuclear party."^[16]

Jaczko resigned in May 2012.^[17] He was succeeded by Allison Macfarlane.