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HandWiki. Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36252 (accessed on 25 September 2026).
HandWiki. Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36252. Accessed September 25, 2026.
HandWiki. "Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36252 (accessed September 25, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 24). Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36252
HandWiki. "Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 November, 2022.
Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza
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Baruch Spinoza's philosophy encompasses nearly every area of philosophical discourse, including metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science. It earned Spinoza an enduring reputation as one of the most important and original thinkers of the seventeenth century. Samuel Shirley, who translated Spinoza's complete works into English, summed up the significance of Spinoza's philosophy as follows: Spinoza's philosophy is largely contained in two books: the Theologico-Political Treatise, and the Ethics. The former was published during his lifetime, but the latter, which contains the entirety of his philosophical system in its most rigorous form, was not published until after his death in 1677. The rest of the writings we have from Spinoza are either earlier, or incomplete, works expressing thoughts that were crystallized in the two aforementioned books (e.g., the Short Treatise and the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect), or else they are not directly concerned with Spinoza's own philosophy (e.g., The Principles of Cartesian Philosophy and The Hebrew Grammar). He also left behind many letters that help to illuminate his ideas and provide some insight into what may have been motivating his views.

metaphysics epistemology ethics

References

  1. Shirley, Samuel (2002). Complete Works. Hackett. 
  2. Spinoza, B. (2002). Complete Works (S. Shirley & M. L. Morgan, Eds.). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company.
  3. Nolan, L. (2001, June 18). Descartes' Ontological Argument.
  4. Cannon, J. A. (2009, May 17). World in time of upheaval: Sources of enlightenment. Deseret News.
  5. Nadler, S. (2001, June 29). Baruch Spinoza.
  6. Charles Hartshorne and William Reese, "Philosophers Speak of God", Humanity Books, 1953 ch. 4
  7. Harold Bloom (16 June 2006). "Deciphering Spinoza, the Great Original – Book review of Betraying Spinoza. The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity by Rebecca Goldstein". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/16/arts/16iht-idside17.1986759.html. 
  8. Konstan, David (2016). Zalta, Edward N.. ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/epicurus/. Retrieved 21 February 2017. 
  9. Ethics, Part IV, preface: "Deus seu Natura".
  10. "Baruch Spinoza, "Human Beings are Determined"". Lander.edu. http://philosophy.lander.edu/intro/spinoza.shtml. 
  11. Theologico-political Treatise, Chap. XVI. See also Political Treatise, Chap. II.
  12. See Ethics, Part III & IV.
  13. See the Theologico-Political Treatise, Chapter III
  14. Alexandre Matheron, Individu et Communauté chez Spinoza
  15. Political Treatise, Chap. III.
  16. Theologico-political Treatise, Chapter XX. Political Treatise, Chapters III & V.
  17. Pierre-François Moreau, Spinoza. Etat et religion.
  18. Spinoza, Chapitre VII
  19. Stanford.edu http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza-political/
  20. Citations of The Ethics in this article will be of this form. E2P11 refers to Ethics, Part Two, Proposition 11. The letters 'P', 'D', and 'A' refer to proposition, definition, and axiom, respectively. The letters 'd', 's', or 'c', which may occur after the proposition number, refer to demonstrations, scholia, or corollaries, respectively. This is roughly the academic standard for citation of Spinoza's work. It has the practical advantage of being translation/edition neutral.
  21. Curley, Edwin M. (1985). The Collected Works of Spinoza. Princeton University Press. 
  22. Bennett, Jonathan (1984). A Study of Spinoza's Ethics. Hackett. https://archive.org/details/studyofspinozase00benn. , pg. 276.
  23. Bennett, Jonathan (1984). A Study of Spinoza's Ethics. Hackett. https://archive.org/details/studyofspinozase00benn. , pg. 277.
  24. Della Rocca, Michael. (2008). Spinoza. Routledge., pg. 33.
  25. Stanford.edu http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza-attributes/
  26. Stanford.edu http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza-modal/
  27. Della Rocca, Michael. (2008). Spinoza, Routledge.
  28. Della Rocca, Spinoza, 2008.
  29. All quotations in this section are from E2P40s2
  30. Bennett 1984, pg. 371
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