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HandWiki. Francs-Tireurs. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32509 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Francs-Tireurs. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32509. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Francs-Tireurs" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32509 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 02). Francs-Tireurs. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/32509
HandWiki. "Francs-Tireurs." Encyclopedia. Web. 02 November, 2022.
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Francs-tireurs (pronounced [fʁɑ̃.ti.ʁœʁ], French for "free shooters") were irregular military formations deployed by France during the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71). The term was revived and used by partisans to name two major French Resistance movements set up to fight against the Germans during World War II. The term is sometimes used to refer more generally to guerrilla fighters who operate outside the laws of war.
fʁɑ̃.ti.ʁœʁ
francs-tireurs
guerrilla
References
- One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Francs-tireurs". Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–16.
- Tuchman, Barbara (1962). The Guns of August. Ballantine Books. pp. 317–318. ISBN 034538623X.
- Vanderlinden, Anthony (2013). FN Browning Pistols: Side-Arms that Shaped World History. Wet Dog Publications. pp. 28–29. ISBN 978-0970799791.
- Moorehead, Carolina. 2011. A Train in Winter: An Extraordinary Story of Women, Friendship and Resistance in Occupied France, New York: Harper Collins, pp. 64, 307.
- Burgers, Herman (2010). De Garoeda en de Ooievaar: Indonesië van Kolonie Tot Nationale Staat. ISBN 9789004253742. https://books.google.com/books?id=sXphAAAAQBAJ&q=Indonesia+franc+tireur&pg=PA374.
- Rupert Ticehurst, "The Martens Clause and the Laws of Armed Conflict", 30 April 1997, International Review of the Red Cross, No. 317, pp. 125–134. In hist footnote 1 cites: The life and works of Martens are detailed by V. Pustogarov, "Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens (1845–1909) — A Humanist of Modern Times", International Review of the Red Cross (IRRC), No. 312, May–June 1996, pp. 300–314. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JNHY
- Rupert Ticehurst "The Martens Clause and the Laws of Armed Conflict", 30 April 1997, International Review of the Red Cross no 317, p.125–134. In hist footnote 2 cites: F. Kalshoven, Constraints on the Waging of War, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987, p. 14. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JNHY
- United States v. Wilhelm List, et al., 11 Tr. of War Crim. Bef. Nuremberg Mil. Trib. 1248 (1948)
- "The hostages trial, trial of Wilhelm List and others: Notes" , University of the West of England original source: United Nations War Crimes Commission, Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Volume VIII, 1949 http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/WCC/List4.htm#NOTES
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