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HandWiki. Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31574 (accessed on 26 September 2026).
HandWiki. Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31574. Accessed September 26, 2026.
HandWiki. "Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31574 (accessed September 26, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, October 27). Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/31574
HandWiki. "Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle." Encyclopedia. Web. 27 October, 2022.
Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:Glutamate-glutamine_cycle

In biochemistry, the glutamate-glutamine cycle is a sequence of events by which an adequate supply of the neurotransmitter glutamate is maintained in the central nervous system. Neurons are unable to synthesize either the neurotransmitter glutamate or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from glucose. Discoveries of glutamine and glutamate pools within intercellular compartments led to suggestions of the glutamate-glutamine cycle working between neurons and astrocytes. The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle is a metabolic pathway that describes the release of glutamate or GABA from neurons which are then taken up into astrocytes (star-shaped glial cells). In return, astrocytes release glutamine to be taken up into neurons for use as a precursor to the synthesis of glutamate or GABA.

glutamate glutamine glial

References

  1. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/130/4/1026.full.pdf
  2. Purves, Dale; George J. Augustine; David Fitzpatrick; William C. Hall; Anthony-Samuel LaMantia; James O. McNamara; Leonard E. White (2008). Neuroscience (4th ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 128–9. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7. 
  3. http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(13)01187-2
  4. "Excitatory synaptic transmission persists independently of the glutamate-glutamine cycle". J. Neurosci. 27 (34): 9192–200. 2007. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1198-07.2007. PMID 17715355.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1198-07.2007
  5. "The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer". J. Neurochem. 98 (3): 641–53. August 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x. PMID 16787421.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
  6. Bosoi, C. R.; Rose, C. F. (2009). "Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain". Metab Brain Dis 24 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1007/s11011-008-9112-7. PMID 19104924.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11011-008-9112-7
  7. Bak, Lasse K.; Schousboe, Arne; Waagepetersen, Helle S. (2006). "The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer". Journal of Neurochemistry 98 (3): 641. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x. PMID 16787421.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
  8. Ghanizadeh, A (2013). "Increased Glutamate and Homocysteine and Decreased Glutamine Levels in Autism: A Review and Strategies for Future Studies of Amino Acids in Autism". Disease Markers 35 (5): 281–286. doi:10.1155/2013/536521. PMID 24167375.  http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3787567
  9. Sarup A.; Larsson, O.M; Schousboe A. (2003). GABA transporters and GABA transaminase as drug targets. Curr. Drug Targets CNS Neurol. Disord 2. PubMed. pp. 269–277. 
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